Electrolytic process for producing alkali metal carbonates

摘要

Chlorine and carbonates of an alkali metal, e.g. Na or K, are produced by electrolysing an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution, e.g. saturated Na Cl brine, in an electrolytic cell 10 divided into an anolyte chamber X and a catholyte chamber Y by a permionic membrane Z, an aqueous solution having a CO3- to alkali metal ion ratio of 0.03 to 0.49 being maintained as catholyte by removing at least a portion of the catholyte containing at least 105 g/l. of alkali metal from the chamber Y, carbonating it, e.g. at 100 DEG to 212 DEG F. outside the cell to produce carbonates of the alkali metal, and recycling an aqueous solution comprising the carbonates to the catholyte chamber. For example, for producing soda ash, the aqueous catholyte solution, comprising Na+, CO3- and OH- ions, is removed from the chamber Y through line 20 and is split into two streams, one passing into a carbonation tower 11 fed at bottom by line 39 with boiler flue gas at 100 DEG to 160 DEG F., the second by line 26 into a reactor 13 preferably a rotary or stationary kiln optionally heated, e.g. at 96 to 230 DEG F. An aqueous slurry of sodium sesquicarbonate with or without Na HCO3 is withdrawn via line 21 from the bottom of the tower 11 to pass into a settler 12 where the solids pass via line 35 to the reactor and the liquid, a saturated solution of Na2CO3 and Na HCO3, is recycled by pump 19 via line 22 to the chamber Y. In the reactor 13 molar quantities of Na OH and Na HCO3 combine to yield Na2 CO3. H2O which i carried via line 41 to a filtrator 14 and on to a stream tube dryer 15 where dense soda ash is removed by way of line 37. The filtrate from filtrator 14, a saturated Na2 CO3 solution is recycled via line 34 to the top of the tower 11. The solid sodium sesquicarbonate produced above may be recovered separately. For producing sodium bicarbonate, all the catholyte removed is introduced into the tower 11 via line 20, and a portion of the liquid from the settler 12 is recycled to the tower 11 via lines 22 and 25, the remainder passing to the chamber Y; the solids pass direct to the filtrator 14 via line 29 where anhydrous Na HCO3 is recovered via line 37. Modifications of the above processes are disclosed in which the catholyte, rich in Na OH and containing carbonates, may be contacted with a slurry of slaked lime to enrich it in Na OH. Also the catholyte liquor from a first carbonator may pass to the catholyte of a second cell, the carbonated solution from the second carbonator passing to the first cell catholyte. Specifications 917,879 and 961,198 are referred to.ALSO: Chlorine and carbonates of an alkali metal, e.g. Na or K, are produced by electrolysing an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution, e.g. saturated NaCl brine, in an electrolytic cell 10 divided into an anolyte chamber X and a catholyte chamber Y by a permionic membrane Z, an aqueous solution having a CO3- to alkali metal ion ratio of 0.03 to 0.49 being maintained as catholyte by removing at least a portion of the catholyte containing at least 105 g./l. of alkali metal from the chamber Y, carbonating it, e.g. at 100 to 212 DEG F., outside the cell to produce carbonates of the alkali metal, and recycling an aqueous solution comprising the carbonates to the catholyte chamber. For example, for producing soda ash, the aqueous catholyte solution, comprising Na+, CO3- and OH- ions, is removed from the chamber Y through line 20 and is split into two streams, one passing into a carbonation tower 11 fed at bottom by line 39 with boiler flue gas at 100 to 160 DEG F., the second by line 26 into a reactor 13 preferably a rotary or stationary kiln optionally heated, e.g. at 96-230 DEG F. An aqueous slurry of sodium sesquicarbonate with or without NaHCO3 is withdrawn via line 21 from the bottom of the tower 11 to pass into a settler 12 where the solids pass via line 35 to the reactor and the liquid, a saturated solution of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, is recycled by pump 19 via line 22 to the chamber Y. In the reactor 13 molar quantities of NaOH and NaHCO3 combine to yield Na2CO3. H2 which is carried via line 41 to a filtrator 14 and on to a steam tube dryer 15 where dense soda ash is removed by way of line 37. The filtrate from filtrator 14, a saturated Na2CO3 solution, is recycled via line 34 to the top of the tower 11. The solid sodium sesquicarbonate produced above may be recovered separately. For producing sodium bicarbonate, all the catholyte removed is introduced into the tower 11 via line 20, and a portion of the liquid from the settler 12 is recycled to the tower 11 via lines 22 and 25, the remainder passing to the chamber Y; the solids pass direct to the filtrator 14 via line 29 where anhydrous Na HCO3 is recovered via line 37. Modifications of the above processes are disclosed in which the catholyte, rich in NaOH and containing carbonates, may be contacted with a slurry of slaked lime to enrich it in NaOH. Also the catholyte liquor from a first carbonator may pass to the catholyte of a second cell, the carbonated solution from the second carbonator passing to the first cell catholyte. Specifications 917,879 and 961,198 are referred to.