| 摘要 |
Chlorinated aromatic compounds are obtained by the action of hydrogen chloride on aromatic nitro compounds substituted in o-position to the nitro group by a substituent which is attached to the aromatic ring by a carbon atom of the substituent. The other position ortho to the substituent may be substituted by another nitro group, a halogen atom or an alkyl group of 1-5 carbon atoms, and at least one other position in the ring may be substituted by a halogen atom, a nitro, alkoxy or carbalkoxy group or a hydrocarbon radical, which may itself be halogen-substituted. The substituent in o-position to the nitro group may contain halogen, nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms, specified substituents being -CH3, -CH2Cl, -CHCl2, -CCl3, -CN, -CHO, -COCH3, -CH : NOH, -CH : NNH2, -C(X) : NOH, in which X represents a halogen atom or an amino group, -C(NH2) : NOH, -C(OCH3) : NOH, -C(O)OH and -C(S)NH2. The substituent may also contain a group -NHNH2, -OH or -SCN. The reaction may be effected in gaseous or liquid phase but, preferably, the liquid nitro compound is treated with gaseous hydrogen chloride, optionally in the presence of a liquid diluent, a number of which are specified. A diluent may be added also to the hydrogen chloride, and this diluent may be an inert gas but is preferanly chlorine, a chlorine-yielding compound or an oxidizing agent capable of oxidizing hydrogen chloride under the reaction conditions, e.g. thionyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, nitrosyl chloride, bromine, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, or a peroxide or hydroperoxide. The proportion of chlorine or alternative diluent is less than the stoichiometric quantity required for reaction with the nitro compound. The reaction may also be accelerated by means of ultraviolet light or X-rays. The reaction may be effected at 20-300 DEG C., preferably at 160-190 DEG C., and at atmospheric pressure, although higher pressures may be applied. An example is given in which 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile is prepared by treating 6-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile with hydrogen chloride and a minor proportion of chlorine. Other specified starting materials are 1,3-dinitro-2-cyanonaphthalene, 3-chloro-1-nitro - 2 - cyanonaphthalene, 2 - nitrobenzonitrile, 2,6 - dinitrobenzonitrile, 2 - nitrotoluene, 6 - chloro - 2 - nitrotoluene, 6 - chloro -2-nitrobenzyl chloride and 6-chloro-2-nitrobenzal chloride, and reference is made also to the treatment of compounds of the phenanthrene and biphenyl series.
|
