| 摘要 |
1,228,025. Thermally crystallizable glass. OWENS-ILLINOIS Inc. 16 April, 1968 [13 April, 1967], No. 17781/68. Heading C1M. A glass which has an average lineal coefficient of thermal expansion over the range zero to 300‹ C. between 30 and 50 x 10-<SP>7</SP> per degree C. of temperature increase, an annealing point temperature of at least 1100‹ F., has a composition consisting essentially of the following ingredients expressed in weight per cent of the total glass composition: SiO 2 , 64 to 74; Al 2 O 3 , 15 to 23; Li 2 O, 3.3 to 4.8 ; ZnO, 1 to 3.8 ; TiO 2 , 1À2 to 2À4 ; and ZrO 2 , 0 to 2, the remainder if any consisting of other compatible ingredients with the provisos that when ZrO 2 is over 1.7 Li 2 O is over 4; that the weight per cent TiO 2 plus one half that of ZrO 2 totals at least 2.2 ; that the weight per cent Li 2 O plus that of ZnO is greater than 4.7 ; that at least 90 weight per cent of the composition consists of the foregoing ingredients; that the composition contains less than 2.5 5 weight per cent MgO and less than 2.5 weight per cent CaO if such ingredients are present, that the weight ratio of ZnO to MgO is at least 1, and that the weight ratio of ZnO to CaO is at least 1, said glass being thermally crystallizable by in situ crystallization to form a transparent, a translucent, and an opaque crystalline ceramic each having an average lineal coefficient of thermal expansion less than 11 x 10<SP>-7</SP> per degree C. over the range zero to 300‹ C. and having essentially all crystals of less than 25 microns across in their largest lineal dimension. The glasses have liquidus temperatures below 2550‹ F. Other compatible inorganic oxides and halides can be present in the glasses such as P 2 O 5 in amounts up to 3%; Na 2 O and K 2 O in amounts up to 1.5%, their aggregate being below 2%; less than 2.5% CaO; up to 2% B 2 O 3 ; up to 0.3% F; and up to 2% Cl. The glass ceramics are generally prepared by heat-treating the glass, first, at a low temperature for at least 5 minutes to form many nuclei or crystallites, and thereafter at a higher temperature to complete in situ crystallization to the desired degree and form. The temperature of the initial heat treatment usually lies in the range from the annealing point to 250‹ F. above it. The higher crystallization temperature range may be 1800-2300‹ F. or 1400-2300‹ F. and the times are usually from 15 minutes to 3 or 4 hours. Below 1675‹ F., a main crystalline phase of beta-eucryptite is formed, while at the higher temperatures beta-spodumene crystalline forms appear. Generally, transparent glass-ceramic products are favoured by relatively long nucleation temperature range heating times. The main controls employed to favour the formation of opaque glass ceramics are heat treatment temperatures in the higher part of the range and increasing times of heat treatment. For a given glass, time and temperature conditions intermediate those which produce opaque and those which result in transparent glass ceramics will result in translucent glass ceramics. |
