| 摘要 |
<p>Polymeric materials useful as cationic surface-active agents are made by copolymerizing 10 to 90% by weight of an acrylic monomer of the formula <FORM:0994910/C3/1> with 90 to 10% by weight of an acrylic ester of the formula <FORM:0994910/C3/2> wherein R1 stands for H or CH3, R2 is a C2-C4 alkylene radical or a CH2CH(OH)CH2 radical, Q is a C2-C26 dialkylamine radical, a C7-C16 N-alkyl-N-arylamine radical, or a radical of a C5 or C6 membered heterocyclic compound containing a secondary nitrogen atom, and R5 is a C1-C22 hydrocarbon radical, and subjecting the copolymer either during or after its formation, to oxidation by a monoacyl derivative of hydrogen peroxide, e.g. peroxyacetic acid, or persulphuric acid to introduce amine oxide groups. Also present in the copolymer may be up to 20% of another monomer, e.g. styrene, acrylonitrile or vinyl chloride. The copolymerization may be carried out in bulk, solution or aqueous dispersion, and the subsequent treatment carried out on the copolymer, either as such or in solution or in dispersion. In addition to the oxidation treatment the copolymer may be treated with acid to convert it to a salt, or may be quaternized, either before or after oxidation. Alternatively, part of the amine monomer may be quaternized prior to polymerization. The oxidized copolymers are used in the production of aqueous dispersions, particularly dispersions of waxes, for which purpose the wax, e.g. paraffin wax, may be dispersed directly in an aqueous latex of the copolymer, or may be mixed with the copolymer in bulk or in solution in a water-miscible, water-immiscible liquid, e.g. tert.-butanol or heptane, and then dispersed in water. In the examples: (1) latices of copolymers of diethylaminoethyl methacrylate with methyl, butyl and dodecyl methacrylate and a latex of a diethylamino acrylate/dodecyl acrylate copolymer are oxidized with peroxyacetic acid; (2) diethylaminoethyl and octadecyl methacrylates are copolymerized in an aqueous medium containing a cationic surfactant and an azo catalysts and simultaneously oxidized with peracetic acid; (3) dimethylaminoethyl, diethylaminoethyl, dibutylaminopropyl, N-phenyl-N-ethylaminoethyl and morpholinoethyl methacrylates are bulk copolymerized with esters selected from methyl, butyl, octyl, dodecyl and octadecyl methacrylates in the presence of an azo catalyst, further quantities of which may be added during the course of the reaction; the resulting copolymers were reacted with peracetic acid; (3(a-c)) a copolymer of diethylaminoethyl and octadecyl methacrylate is oxidized with peracetic acid in aqueous and organic solvent media, or is first converted to its acetate salt and oxidized with peracetic acid in aqueous solution; (4) octadecyl methacrylate is copolymerized in tert.-butanol with dimethylaminomethyl and diethylaminoethyl methacrylates and then treated by the methods of (3(a-c)); (5(a-d)) the oxidized copolymers of (1), (4), (3) and (3(a)) are blended with paraffin wax in, respectively, aqueous dispersion, tert.-butanol, bulk, and heptane; (7) paraffin wax is incorporated in the copolymer dispersions of (1) and the bulk copolymers of (3), and oxidation is then effected with peracetic acid; (8(a)) the copolymer dispersion of (1) is quaternized with dimethyl sulphate prior to oxidation; and (8(b)) the oxidized copolymer of (4) is quaternized with benzyl chloride. Specifications 475,131, 475,132 and 915,759 are referred to.ALSO:Fabrics are rendered water-repellent by treating Item with aqueous dispersions containing a wax, e.g. paraffin wax, and a copolymer of a C1-C22 hydrocarbyl acrylate or methacrylate with an aminoalcohol ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid, the amino groups in the copolymer having been oxidized to the N-oxy-cationic state (see Division C3). The fabrics to be treated may be those of cotton, wool, silk, acetate rayon, nylon, polyester and acrylic fibres. The application of the dispersions to the fabric may be carried out in a home-type automatic washer. Specifications 475,131, 475,132 and 915,759 are referred to.</p> |
