| 摘要 |
1,221,473. Eviscerating poultry. GORDON JOHNSON CO. 2 April, 1968 [26 Jan., 1968], No. 15817/68. Heading A2U. A method of eviscerating poultry comprises the steps of: cutting an access opening to the body cavity of the bird at its vent, supporting the back of the bird, holding the bird against fore to aft movement, exerting pressure in the cavity on the viscera away from the breast of the bird and towards its backbone, pressing the viscera against the backbone, and displacing the viscera from within the cavity through the opening by dragging it along the backbone while maintaining the pressure thereon. The pressure is exerted by a spoon 152 which is attached by a shank 118 to a yoke 112 pivoted on a shaft 94 carried in a head 80. The head carries a roller 90 by which it is supported on a rail 138, a rod 78 carrying the head being vertically slidable in supports 52 of a carriage constituted by a plate 50, the supports 52, and links 54 connecting the carriage to a pair of endless chains 44 which move a succession of the carriages in a closed horizontal path. Two further yokes 110, 114 are also pivoted on the shaft 94, the former carrying a roller 116 and a bracket 120 which is engageable with the underside of the yoke 112 and to which one end of a spring 122 is attached, whilst the latter carries a bracket 128 which is engageable with the underside of the yokes 110 and 112 and to which one end of a spring 130 is attached. The other ends of the springs 122, 130 are attached to a bent-over portion 126 of the shank 118 by adjustable screws 124, 132, respectively. A further spring 134 is connected between an ear 136, attached to the bracket 128, and a finger 96 attached to the head 80 so that the yoke assembly is normally held in the raised position shown in Fig. 5. Chickens 18 to be eviscerated, which have previously had an access opening cut at the vent, are suspended from an overhead rail (not shown) by chains such that they rest against the plates 50 of successive carriages 48c, 48d, 48e, Fig. 1, as they travel between the positions of carriages 48c, 48d, a pair of laterally adjustable fingers 58 and a vertically adjustable retainer 56 being mounted on each carriage to position the chicken accurately. As the carriages travel towards position 48d, a rod 70, secured to a shaft 68 journalled in the carriage, is pivoted upwardly, to clamp the chicken, through the movement of a rack 60 engaging pinion 64 on the shaft 68, by the engagement of a roller 72 in a downwardly inclined portion of a cam groove 74. At the time time, roller 90 runs down inclined portion 138b of rail 138 so that the end of the spoon 152 enters the access opening in the chicken and, shortly after the commencement of this movement, roller 116 engages beneath a sloping rail 142, causing the yokes 110, 112, 114 to pivot together downwardly until the brackets 120, 128 are engaged by sliding spring-loaded latches 98, 100 carried by the head 80, this pivotal movement and the initial downward movement being so related that the spoon follows a desired path through the cavity of the chicken and comes to rest in contact with the lungs. Shortly afterwards, as the carriage moves from position 48d to 48e, roller 90 meets rising portion 138c of rail 138, as a result of which the spoon is gradually withdrawn, the tension in the springs 122, 130 whose lower ends are still anchored on the latches 98, 100 causing the lungs to be gripped and dragged along the backbone of the chicken which is accommodated in a groove in the centre of the spoon's edge. At a certain point, further grooves 156 in the edge of the spoon engage the veins connecting the lungs to the heart, so that all the viscera are withdrawn together. At about this time, a cam carried by a plate 148 releases the latch 100 by engaging a roller 108 of the latch, so that only the spring 130 still acts on the spoon, the spring 122 also being released at a later position, just prior to complete withdrawal, by a further cam (150, Fig. 11, not shown) engaging roller 108 of the latch 98, to release the latter. After removal of the viscera, the spoon 152 remains in a position adjacent the vent of the chicken, owing to the engagement of roller 116 with a guide rail 144, until the carriage passes around to the return run of the conveyer (Fig. 1, not shown), a rising part 74b of cam groove 74 causing release of the eviscerated chicken at the reversal point of the chains 44, after which the rail 144 is discontinued so that the spoon 152 swings upwardly until yokes 110-114 are arrested by a stop 92 on the head 80. |
