| 摘要 |
RECLAIMER AMELIORATOR POLYMERIC GEL INVENTOR: DR. REDA ALY IBRAHIM AZZAM Gelatinous polymer of hydrocarbon and carbohydrate is prepared by ionizing radiation from acrylonitrile derivatives and agricultural discard for instance rice straw and others after being treated chemically. The product induces aggregation of sandy dune particles. It absorbs about 300 times its weight water. It raises also the cationic exchange capacity of soils and buildup the fertility chemically and biologically in cultivated land. The product increases the agricultural productivity two and half folds when applied to the soil at a rate equivalent to 50 Kg. per feddan. The product is merely a polymer of multi-units composed of carbonic chain having an average length of 7 million carbon atom in connection at least with amide, carboxylic and hydroxide groups. RAPG is composed of two principle ingredients. These are hydrocarbon and carbohydrate. The hydrocarbon is represented by a primary petro chemical product. This is prepared by reacting propylene gas which is a secondary product of petroleum refinery process with ammonia gas in presence of air. So, acrylonitrile is produced: CH2:CHCH3 + NH3 + 1? O2 - CH2:CHCN + 3 H2O Acrylonitrile abstracts one water molecule in presence of a catalyst, as for example sulphuric acid or others, forming acrylamide: CH2:CHCN + H2O - CH2:CHCONH2 The latter hydrolyses in alkaline media, for example, sodium hydroxide forming acrylic acid: CH2:CHCONH2 + H2O - CH2:CHCOOH + NH3 On the other hand, the carbohydrate is represented by cellulose, starch and their principle source in this invention the agricultural discard, for example, rice straw, barley and wheat. These are all polymers of multi-succarides, hydrolyse to mono-succaride. The herein above compounds hydrolyse in aqueous mixture solution on irradiation by ionizing radiation to radicals. These bind together instantaneously forming long carbon chain having the distinct functional groups related to each compound. The optimum radiation dose for radiolysis and polymerization varies between 2 KGy and 100 KGy. The architecture of the polymer depends on type and concentration of the ingredients, pH, temperature of the medium and percentage of atmospheric air, specially the oxygen. The integral dose and dose rate affect directly the polymer properties. The post-effect and temperature of the medium have synergistic effect on polymeric stereo-configuration, yet its extent dependent on the type and state of the ambient medium. These factors have been optimized for preparing the reclaimer-ameliorator polymeric gel. This resulted in achieving its peculiar properties of conditioning sand dunes for plantation and reducing water losses in deserts by percolation and evaporation, as well as amending arable land via increasing its chemical and bacteriological fertilities.
|
