| 摘要 |
FIELD: synthesis of diamond monocrystals from low-molecular carbonaceous compounds. SUBSTANCE: reactor has housing 1 formed as shell 2 with closure 3 and bottom 4, burden charging unit 13, reaction product discharge unit 16, burden heating unit 20, carbonaceous (hydrocarbon), nitrogen-bearing and alloying substance charging unit 27, water steam supplying unit 50 (nozzles), cooling heat-exchanger 6, diamond monocrystal retaining unit 41, gaseous reaction product discharge branch pipe 14 provided with pressure regulating valve 15. Method involves charging burden of predetermined composition into housing 1 through charging unit 13 so that it fills 2/3 of housing cavity; switching on burden heating unit 20 operating on oxygen-hydrocarbon or air-hydrocarbon components; providing local (successive) heating of burden to temperature exceeding 1,500 C, with oxidant excess coefficient being equal to 0.85-1.05; introducing hydrocarbon and, when required, alloying substances into formed ascending flow of heterogeneous medium through unit 27 so that excess coefficient reaches 0.25-0.85; providing zonal cooling of heterogeneous medium in layer adjacent to wall by means of heat-exchanger 6 to temperature of 750-1.050 C to form convective circulating flows of heterogeneous medium, in which synthesized diamond monocrystals 42 are fixed at pressure of 0.12-16 MPa in cooling medium on horizontal combs 43. Nitrogen or air or nitrogen-bearing low-molecular compounds or elements of 111 or V groups of periodic system may be introduced into heterogeneous medium. Water steam may be introduced into heterogeneous medium in an amount of 0.15-150% of total current flow rate of hydrocarbon added into burden. Upon termination of process, combs 43 are turned through 90 deg, diamond monocrystals are lowered to discharge zone, pressure in reactor is reduced to normal value and diamond monocrystals are discharged from reactor through discharge unit 16. EFFECT: increased efficiency by providing high carat diamond crystal synthesis. 7 cl, 4 dwg, 1 t |
