| 摘要 |
1,081,683. X-ray analysis. FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER A. G. Oct. 23, 1964 [Oct. 26, 1963 (3)], No.43374/64. Heading G1A. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the components, of a mixture of at least two crystalline substances is carried out by directing X-rays at the sample and measuring with separate pulse counters that diffracted X-radiation from the sample which is associated with each substance. The apparatus can be used in the Bragg-Brentano arrangement when the sample takes the form of either a mosaic crystal block or powdered crystals pressed into a rectangular container, or in the Debye arrangement, when a powdered sample in the form of a rod is used. In a first embodiment (Fig. 1) the X-rays from a tube 1 pass through an anti-divergence and anti-halo shutter 2 to the sample 3 and are diffracted in two (or more) beams (according to the number of different crystalline substances in the sample) towards a filter 4 (for suppressing K# radiation), and entrance and scatter shutters 5 and 6 into detectors 7a, 7b which may be geiger tubes. Signals from the latter pass through separate channels, each comprising an amplifier 8 pulse-shaper 9 and counter 10, for each substance in the sample. The ratio of counts is found in a comparison instrument 11. If a standard material is used in the sample, the counting channel with which it is associated can be stopped measuring when a predetermined count has been registered, the counts registered by other channels, corresponding to the other components of the sample, being printed out by a device 12. In a second embodiment Figs. 3 and 4 (not shown) the detectors 7 are substituted by radiation converters (7), light guides (14) leading to an optical reversing switch (15) passing one radiation path at a time to an electron multiplier (16). Resultant signals then pass through a common amplifier (17) and pulse-shaper (18) and are selectively passed to their appropriate counters (20) to pass on to common comparison and printing instruments (21, 22). In a third embodiment Figs. 6, 7 (not shown) a common Geiger counter (16) is used and the light-path selector takes the form of a rotating disc shutter (15) coupled to a photoelectric system (30, 31) to control selection of the counters (20). In a further arrangement Fig. 5 (not shown) using the Seemann-Bohlin principle for X-ray cameras, the surface of the sample is two-or-three dimensionally curved to focus the different radiation beams corresponding to each constituent on to different detectors. |
