Simultaneous reverse and normal initiation of ATRP

摘要

The use of concurrent reverse and normal initiation processes in an ATRP enables the use of highly active catalysts under "reverse ATRP" conditions and leads to the synthesis of well-defined polymers with low molecular weight distributions while employing much lower levels of the transition metal in the system. This dual activation/initiating system allows use of active catalysts that are added to the reaction in an oxidatively stable form. The benefits of this dual initiating system can be attained in bulk, solution and multi-phase ATRP processes, including emulsions, miniemulsions and polymerization from surfaces.