| 摘要 |
1,252,612. Holography. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. Aug.26, 1969 [Sept. 9, 1968], No.42413/69. Heading G2J. Reversed shear interferograms (defined) are made by first forming an image hologram 20 of the object with an angular separation S between object and reference beams and illuminating the hologram to simultaneously form in the same plane 317 and along the same optical axis an orthoscopic and a pseudoscopic image, said images being rotated relative to each other to be oriented in the same direction and interacting in plane 317 (a photographic emulsion) to produce an interference pattern indicative of the differences between the two images. Preferably the image hologram is illuminated by two beams 300A, 300B at an angle 2S. A mirror 322 is rotatable about axis Y (shown) to form a fringe pattern which represents the variation in phase of object 20. In an alternative method of forming the image hologram 420 Fig. 4, a diffraction grating 415 is located behind object 418 to produce a diffraction pattern, and a filter 421 stops all but a first order and the centre of the zero order beams which interfere to form hologram 420. In re-illuminating the hologram a filter 521 Fig. 5 passes both first order beams to form the orthoscopic and pseudoscopic images which interact in plane 517. To make the fringe pattern, e.g. 517, represent more than twice the phase of the object a second image hologram is formed by developing the initial image hologram 420 non-linearly to enable it to generate higher diffraction orders when it is illuminated with a single beam e. g. to form first diffraction orders which are caused to interfere to form the second image hologram. This hologram is then reilluminated with second order diffraction beams only. If tertiary or quaternary image holograms &c. are formed using second or third orders the ultimate interference pattern will represent 6, 8 times &c. the phase of the original object. Image holograms are not essential. Thus if the hologram is formed using a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the object, in the reconstituting phase a Fourier transformation is necessary between the hologram and the plane where the interferogram is formed and displayed. |
