Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymerisaten

摘要

Unsaturated polymers, curable to elastomeric products, are made by copolymerizing (a) a lactone, (b) a cyclic carbonate having at least one ethylenic double bond in a side chain and, possibly, (c) a cyclic carbonate free from ethylenic unsaturation. The lactone (a) preferably has the formula where R is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, cycloalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxy or aryloxy; A is oxygen, sulphur or a divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group; x is 1 to 15; y is 1 to 15; and z is 0 or 1: with the provisos that (i) x+y+z cannot equal 3, (ii) the total number of atoms in the lactone ring does not exceed 18, (iii) the total number of organic substituents attached to the carbon atoms in the lactone ring does not exceed 4, (iv) from 2 to 4 continuously linked carbon atoms contained in the lactone ring can represent a portion of a saturated cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon nucleus containing 4 to 10 ring carbon atoms and (v) the four R variables attached to any two adjacent carbon atoms in the lactone ring can represent a portion of an aromatic hydrocarbon nucleus fused to the lactone ring. The unsaturated cyclic carbonate (b) preferably has the formula where Y may be hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxymethyl, acyloxymethyl, nitro or the unit where R1 is hydrocarbyl; and Y1 is hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxymethyl or acyloxymethyl and wherein Y and Y1 together with the gem carbon atom may form a divalent ethylenically unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic nuclei; the choice of Y and Y1 being such that the cyclic carbonate contains at least one ethylenic double bond. The preferred cyclic carbonates (c) are those containing 6-21 atoms in the ring and which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and, possibly, nitrogen; the oxygen atom being in the form of the carbonate group and possibly also an ether, ester or nitro group and the nitrogen atoms being in the form of nitro, tertiary amino, cyano alkyl or cyanoalkoxymethyl groups. Copolymerization may be effected at - 20 DEG C. to 250 DEG C., possibly in the presence of an organic diluent or a catalyst (many specified). The polymers may be cured with the usual vulcanizing agents, e.g. sulphur, thiuram polysulphides or peroxides or by radiation. Vulcanization may be effected in the presence of accelerators, accelerator activators, anti-oxidants, plasticizers, softeners, lubricants, reinforcing pigments, fillers and colorants. In examples vulcanization was effected in the presence of various mixtures of compounds selected from sulphur, dicumyl peroxide, tetramethyl thiuram disulphide, benzothiazyl disulphide, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, selenium diethyldithiocarbamate, zincp-methoxydithiocarbanilate, stearic acid, carbon black and zinc oxide.