| 摘要 |
Olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers containing at least one activated carbon to carbon olefinic double bond and at least one carboxyl group, such as acrylic acid, are polymerized in an organic media in the presence of free radical forming catalysts and at least one oil soluble ionic surface active agent selected from the group consisting of: (a) anionic surface active agents of the formula: [(R-Ra')b-X]-M+ (b) cationic surface active agents of the formula: [(R-Ra')xNRy]+A- and (c) amphoteric surface active agents of the formula: <IMAGE> wherein R is a hydrophobic moiety having eight or more carbons, R' is a hydrophilic moiety, R'' is each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group or an alkyl/aryl group, X- is a carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate or phosphate group, M+ is a water soluble cation, A- is a water soluble anion, a is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, b is 0, 1, 2 or 3, c is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, x and y are each 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 with the proviso that x+y=4, and m and n are each 0, 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that m+n=3.
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