Systems, apparatus and methods for quantifying and identifying diversion of electrical energy

摘要

Systems, apparatus and methods for quantifying and identifying diversion of electrical energy are provided. Bypass and tap diversions may be identified in an electric utility power distribution inventory zone having both bypass and tap diversions. Bypass diversion factors for consumer nodes in an inventory zone are determined by finding a solution to a system of load balance equations having slack variables representing aggregate tap loads for the inventory zone and in which consumer load profile data is scaled by the bypass diversion factors, which solution minimizes an objective function whose value is positively related to the sum of the slack variables representing the aggregate tap loads. Tap loads are correlated with nodes in an inventory zone by solving a first system of power flow equations not having variables representing tap loads, and then solving a second system of power flow equations having variables representing tap loads using an iterative numerical solution technique initialized based on the solution to the first system of power flow equations.

主权项

1. A method for identifying tap loads in an electric utility power distribution inventor zone, the inventory zone comprising a plurality of nodes including a metered distribution node and at least two metered consumer nodes, the method comprising:
obtaining an admittance matrix modeling the electrical admittance between the nodes of the inventory zone; obtaining substantially instantaneous real and reactive load data for each of the metered nodes of the inventory zone, wherein the substantially instantaneous real and reactive load data are acquired substantially simultaneously; obtaining substantially instantaneous voltage magnitude data for each of the metered nodes of the inventory zone, wherein the sustantially instantaneous voltage magnitude data are acquired substantially simultaneously; determining a voltage phase angle for each of the consumer nodes that solve a first system of power flow equations for the inventory zone having known values corresponding to the real and reactive load data for the consumer nodes and in which the distribution node is treated as a slack node; determining real and reactive unmetered tap loads corresponding to select ones of the consumer nodes that:
solve a second system of power flow equations for the inventory zone having known values corresponding to the real and reactive load data for each of the nodes, voltage magnitude values corresponding to the voltage data for each of the metered nodes, and having slack variables representing the real and reactive unmetered tap loads, and
minimize an objective function whose value is positively related to at least one of the slack variables representing the real and reactive unmetered tap loads using an iterative numerical solution technique wherein variables in the second system of power flow equations corresponding to the voltage phase angles of the select ones of the consumer nodes are initialized to values corresponding to the corresponding determined voltage phase angles that solve the first system of power flow equations; and, cutting power to consumer nodes corresponding to the determined real and reactive unmetered tap loads.