| 摘要 |
<p>A gas such as oxygen is introduced via pipe 40 into a turbulent flow of liquid such as water in pipline 14 and is thereby dispersed into bubbles. The flow of liquid containing bubbles is introduced through a nozzle 34 into a volume 12 of the liquid. In order to facilitate dissolution a quantity of surfactant is introduced into the flow of liquid by means of a pump 24. The surfactant inhibits coalescence of the gas bubbles and comprises: (i) at least one non-ionic surfactant comprising an ethoxylated, branched chain, alkyl alcohol of which the alkyl group contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or an ethoxylated, branched chain, alkyl substituted phenol of which the alkyl substituent contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, the said non-ionic surfactant having a hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB) in the range of 8 to 20, (ii) at least one anionic surfactant derivative of the said non-ionic surfactant, or (iii) a mixture of (i) and (ii). <IMAGE></p> |
