| 摘要 |
1,176,347. Protective systems. BENDIX CORP. 1 May, 1967 [6 May, 1966], No. 20027/67 Heading H2K. [Also in Division H3] A circuit for detecting when a signal exceeds a predetermined level comprises means for feeding the signal (A.C., pulsating D.C. or periodically separated aperiodic A.C. such as a ramp function) together with a reference level voltage to a positive-feedback amplifier whose output thus consists of pulses at the input frequency and of width proportional to the amount by which the input signal exceeds the reference level, clamping the amplifier output in one polarity and passing the other polarity output to a hold circuit and thence to a threshold detector and alarm device, so that appearance of pulses at the amplifier output causes the alarm to function after a predetermined delay. The circuit may be designed to detect either positive or negative excessive excursions of the input signal. In Fig. 5 the input signal E s is combined with a reference level V R in summing resistors 37, 39 and the resultant applied to an operational amplifier 45 which has positive feedback through resistor 59 to produce a two-level output whose lower level is clamped to ground by diode 50. The amplifier output will be at ground potential if the input signal is less than the reference level, but otherwise will consist of pulses at the frequency of the input signal and having a width proportional to the amount by which the input signal exceeds the reference level. These pulses charge capacitor 73 rapidly through diode 61 and maintain the capacitor voltage and a level sufficient to prevent conduction in transistor 85. The pulses also charge capacitor 87 through resistor 89, the output voltage at 54 rising slowly to a steady value. When the pulses cease, capacitor 73 discharges through resistor 71, transistor 85 conducts, capacitor 87 is discharged and the voltage at 54 rapidly falls to ground level. While the pulses are present, the voltage at 54 causes Zener diode 105 to conduct, and the Darlington pair 115 139 conduct to energize an alarm 57. A number of such circuits may be connected in parallel with different reference levels to form an analogueto-digital converter (Fig. 4, not shown). If it is desired to sample the input voltage at predetermined instants a clock pulse source 325 periodically operates transistor 302 to make or break a short circuit across the input. Modifications.-The threshold detector may comprise a field-effect transistor (Fig. 6, not shown) with a Zener diode in its source lead. This is followed by a single transistor as the high impedance of a Darlington connection is not now necessary. An extra transistor stage may follow the Darlington stage (Fig. 7, not shown), operating a relay with normally closed contacts to provide a fail-safe arrangement, the alarm being operated if the circuit or its power supplies fail. The reference voltage 35 may be in series with the diode 50 and ground (Figs. 6 and 7, not shown) and may include a Zener diode voltage dropper. |
