| 摘要 |
Individual grain sorting of objects from bulk materials (3) on a conveying device (1) and an actuable discharge unit (2) which separates into fractions, the height distribution of the object (3.1) and the propagation of a light source (4) are advantageously used as sorting criterion, wherein a light-band (4.1) is projected transversely with respect to a conveying direction of the bulk material (3) on a plane of the conveying device (1), the objects (3.1) are moved through under the light-band (4.1), a first part (4.1.1) of the light is reflected, a second part (4.1.2) enters again at an entry point (11.1), is scattered and exits again at an exit point (3.1.2), a scattered propagation (B) is detected by a camera (9), and contiguous regions are identified in buffered rows (13), and the measured values are subjected to an evaluation and are combined to form characteristic values, and the discharge unit (2) is actuated in dependence on preset sorting parameters. |
| 主权项 |
1. A method for individual grain sorting of a plurality of objects (3.1) from bulk material (3), comprising the steps of:
providing height distribution of the plurality of objects (3.1) on a conveying device (1) and propagating a light band (4.1) which illuminates in a temporally constant manner a polygonal surface of a single object (3.1) of the plurality of objects that cannot be identified in advance are used as sorting criteria, projecting the light band (4.1) on a plane wherein a first part (4.1.1) of the generated light is reflected from the surfaces of the single object (3.1) and a second part (4.1.2), depending on a topological or polygonal nature of the surface of the single object (3.1), enters a respective upper polygonal material geometry at an entry point (3.1.1), is then scattered and emerges again at an exit point (3.1.2), wherein the light travels along a path under the surface of the material, detecting reflected and scattered propagation (B) optically in a grid (R) having step size (Bw) per segment, along the light band (4.1) in a location- and time-referenced manner as digital signals from a plurality of sequentially recorded rows (Bz) according to a principle of laser triangulation or polygonization, resolved and determined at a height (h) of a measuring point (M), recording and displaying the detected reflected and scattered propagation (B) of the light band (4.1) as a buffered image (10), and identifying contiguous regions in the plurality of sequentially recorded rows (Bz) for measured values as an object image associated with the single object (3.1), and boundaries of the plurality of objects are identified in the buffered image (10), converting the data from all measured values of the object image of each of the plurality of objects (3.1) to feature values of the object images, and depending on pre-set sorting parameters for the feature values, activating a discharge unit (2) of the conveying device (1); wherein the individual grain sorting of the plurality of objects is performed from broken mineral ores, crushed and whole plastics from waste materials, bulk materials comprising comminuted wood on the conveying device (1), and comprising the steps of:
a) projecting the temporally constantly illuminated light band (4.1) of a light source (4) at right angles to a conveying direction of the bulk material (3) on a plane of the conveying device (1),b) providing the plurality of objects (3.1) to be sorted on the plane and passing the plurality of objects (3.1) under the light band (4.1),c) providing the first part (4.1.1) of the light generated by the light band (4.1) which is reflected by the surfaces of the plurality of objects (3.1), and the second part (4.1.2), depending on the topological or polygonal nature of the surface of the single object (3.1), enters the respective upper polygonal material geometry at the entry point (3.1.1), is scattered and emerges again at the exit point (3.1.2),d) optically detecting the reflected and scattered propagation (B) in the grid (R) with the step size (Bw) per segment along the light band (4.1) by a camera (9) and buffered in a location- and time-referenced manner as digital signals from the plurality of sequentially recorded rows (Bz), wherein the propagation (B) of the light band (4.1) is detected by the camera (9) according to the principle of laser triangulation or polygonization, resolved with a maximum value of 10 mm/pixel and determined at the height (h) of the measuring point (M) and the detected reflected and scattered propagation (B) of the light band (4.1) is recorded at least row-by-row and at least in a time-referenced manner and displayed in buffered form in the buffered image (10),e) identifying in the plurality of sequentially recorded rows (Bz) the contiguous regions on the basis of adjustable thresholds for measured values as the object image (3.1.4) associated with the object (3.1), by the boundaries of the object being identified in the buffered image (10),f) contiguously subjecting the data from all measured values of the object image of the plurality of objects (3.1) to a statistical analysis and converting into feature values of the object images and thus also of the plurality of objects (3.1); andg) depending on pre-set sorting parameters, the discharge unit (2) of the conveying device (1) is activated, which separates the bulk material (3) into at least two fractions of the plurality of objects (3.1) of the bulk material (3). |
