| 摘要 |
A novel class of nonionic gemini surfactants and methods for their preparation consist of compounds with three hydrophilic heads and two lipophilic tails of the general formula: <IMAGE> wherein R1 and R3 independently represents a C1 to C22 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene, aryl or alkylaryl, or hydrogen, with the proviso that both cannot be hydrogen; R2 represents a C1 to C5 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene or hydrogen, (Y) represents <IMAGE> wherein R4 represents C1 to C3 alkyl or hydrogen and may be the same or different; X represents -(CH2)a- wherein a is a whole number of from 1 to 5; -S-, -S-S-, -SO2, -(CH2)aSO2(CH2)a-,-O-, -C=O, or -CH2-NR-CH2- wherein R is a C1 to C3 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene or hydrogen and x, y, and z are whole numbers of from about 6 to about 300. The surfactants exhibit excellent surface active functionality, low cmc and pC20 values and provide superior efficacies when combined with conventional single chain surfactants.
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