| 摘要 |
A load leveling battery ( 122 ) comprising an electrolyte that includes a cerium zinc redox pair wherein preferred electrolytes are acid electrolytes, and most preferably comprise methane sulfonic acid. Contemplated load leveling batteries ( 122 ) have an open circuit voltage of at least 2.4 Volt per cell. Such batteries are useful at power grid substations ( 120 ) and commercial and industrial applications were large amounts of power are used. Preferred capacity is at least 100,000 kWh, more preferably 250,000 kWh.
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