Verwendung perfluoralkylsubstituierter Phosphorverbindungen als Liganden für die homogene Katalyse in überkritischem Kohlendioxid

摘要

The invention relates to the use of phosphorus compounds containing one or more perfluoroalkyl chains of the general formula R<1> [R<1> = -(CH2)x(CF2)yE (E=F, H, x = 0-4, y = 2-12)] as catalysts or constituents of catalysts in a reaction mixture consisting essentially of the reactants, the catalyst and carbon dioxide in the supercritical state (scCO2). It was found in particular that the introduction of perfluoroalkyl side chains R<1> into the aryl radicals of insoluble or poorly soluble arylphosphorus compounds markedly improves their solubility in scCO2, so that, surprisingly, it even surpasses the solubility of alkylphosphorus compounds known to be soluble. The invention also relates to the use of such reaction mixtures for the chemoselective hydrogenation of polyenes to monoenes for the hydroformylation of olefins, for the enantioselective hydrogenation of imines and for C-C cross-linking reactions.