| 摘要 |
FIELD: resin industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to integrated processing of vegetable matter to yield valuable products that can be used in pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, agriculture, and household chemical goods. Processing of vegetable matter consisting of coniferous and broad-leaved green involves extraction with organic solvent followed by settling and filtration-mediated isolation of waxes on cooling, alkali solution-mediated separation of free acids from resulting solution of extracted substances in hydrocarbon solvent, separation of neutralized solution into solution of neutral substances in hydrocarbon solvent and water-alkali solution of organic acid salts, acidification of the latter with inorganic or organic acid, settling-mediated isolation of chlorophylline acids and fatty and resin acid fraction therefrom, subsequent separation of the sum of diterpenic and higher fatty acids, distillation of solvent from neutral substances, and separation thereof. Summary of diterpenic and higher fatty acids are treated in low-molecular alcohol in presence of sulfuric acid as catalyst. After distillation of alcohol, diterpenic acids and catalyst are neutralized by inorganic base and higher fatty acid esters are extracted with hydrocarbon extractant, water-alkali solution is acidified and freed diterpenic acids are extracted with hydrocarbon solvent. Thereafter, solvent is evaporated to concentration of diterpenic acids 30-50% and rodent repellent is obtained. Neutral substances are successively extracted with acetone and 1-3-alcohol keeping weight ratio of neutral substances to extractant between 1:2 and 1:5. Treatment with acetone gives (i) concentrates of higher fatty acid esters with triterpenic alcohols, sterines, and higher fatty alcohols; and (ii) acetone-soluble residue. The latter is treated with alcohol and summary diterpenic alcohols are separated from alcohol-insoluble compounds. These are saponified with alcoholic solution of alkali to give concentrate of polyprenols, which is then subjected to chromatography on silica gel at ratio substance/sorbent 1:10 and using hexane and hexane with 5 and 10 vol % diethyl ether at sorbent-to-solvent ratio 1:1. This operation produces polyprenols. ^ EFFECT: increased yield of major products: concentrate of labdanoids, fats and higher fatty acids, polyprenol and chlorophylline acid concentrate, and rodent repellent. ^ 6 ex |
