Technologies, functions, and applications of SCIMIST

摘要

Anolytes and catholytes in and from separate anolyte and catholyte reaction chambers and electrochemical separation chambers are used for destruction of waste, sharps, biologicals, prions, cleaning of tanks, equipment, coal, ores and metals, sanitizing, sterilizing, generation of hydrogen, fuels, sterilizing solutions, water and heat and power, and processing of coal, shale oil and oil sands.

主权项

1. A system comprising a decomposition system having an electrochemical cell, a membrane in the electrochemical cell separating the electrochemical cell into an anode side and a cathode side, an anode in the anode side, a cathode in the cathode side,
an anolyte reaction chamber connected to the anolyte side of the electrochemical cell, a catholyte reaction chamber connected to the catholyte side of the electrochemical cell, an anolyte fluid in the anolyte side of the electrochemical cell and in the anolyte reaction chamber, the anolyte fluid containing an ion species as a oxidizer species, anolyte fluid oxidizer species comprising elements having atomic number below 90 and described as simple redox couple mediators, including any of elements Cu, Ag, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Hg, B, Tl, C, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr, Hf, N, P, As, Bi, V, Nb, Ta, S, Se, Te, Po, Cr, Mo, W, Cl, Br, I, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Th; Type I isopolyanions (IPAs) formed by Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta, or mixtures thereof as addenda atoms; Type I heteropolyanions (HPAs) formed by incorporation into the aforementioned IPAs of any of the elements Li, Na, K, Cs, Cu, Ag, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Hg, B, C, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr, Hf, N, P, As, Sb, Bi, V, Nb, Ta, S, Se, Te, Cr, Mo, W, F, Cl, Br, I, Mn, Te, Re, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Th combinations thereof, a catholyte fluid in the catholyte side of the electrochemical cell and in the catholyte reaction chamber, the catholyte fluid containing an ion species as a reducer species, the catholyte fluid reducer species comprising elements having atomic number below 90 and described as simple redox couple mediators including any of elements Cu, Ag, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Hg, B, Tl, C, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr, Hf, N, P, As, Bi, V, Nb, Ta, S, Se, Te, Po, Cr, Mo, W, Cl, Br, I, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Th; the Type I isopolyanions (IPA) formed by Mo, W, V, Nb, and Ta, and mixtures thereof as addenda atoms; the Type I heteropolyanions (HPA) formed by incorporation into the aforementioned isopolyanions of any of the elements Li, Na, K, Cs, Cu, Ag, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Hg, B, C, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr, Hf, N, P, As, Sb, Bi, V, Nb, Ta, S, Se, Te, Cr, Mo, W, F, Cl, Br, I, Mn, Te, Re, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, combinations thereof, an anolyte fluid circulator connected to the anolyte reaction chamber and to the anolyte side of the electrochemical cell, a catholyte fluid circulator connected to the catholyte reaction chamber and to the catholyte side of the electrochemical cell, a first material feed for first feed materials connected to the anolyte reaction chamber for introducing the first feed materials introduced in the anolyte reaction chamber for oxidizing first feed materials in the anolyte reaction chamber, a second material feed for second feed materials connected to the catholyte reaction chamber for introducing the second feed materials into the catholyte reaction chamber for reducing the second feed materials in the catholyte reaction chamber, materials to be changed are introduced into both the catholyte reaction chamber and the anolyte reaction chamber, a DC power supply connected to the anode and cathode.