ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS AND METHODS FEATURING OPTIMAL MEMBRANE SYSTEMS

摘要

This invention is directed to aqueous redox flow batteries comprising ionically charged redox active materials and separators, wherein the separator is about 100 microns or less and the flow battery is capable of (a) operating with a current efficiency of at least 85% with a current density of at least about 100 mA/cm2; (b) operating with a round trip voltage efficiency of at least 60% with a current density of at least about 100 mA/cm2; and/or (c) giving rise to diffusion rates through the separator for the first active material, the second active material, or both, of about 1×10−7 mol/cm2-sec or less.

主权项

1. A flow battery comprising:
a first half-cell containing a first aqueous solution comprising a first active material containing at least one mobile ion; a second half-cell containing a second aqueous solution comprising a second active material containing at least one mobile ion; a separator disposed between the first half-cell and the second half-cell;
wherein the separator has a thickness of about 100 microns or less and comprises a solid ion exchange membrane; and wherein the flow battery is capable of operating with a current efficiency of at least 85% at a current density of at least about 100 mA/cm2.