A rail train and axel structure thereof, comprising an axle box body and a positioning node mounting base (112); the axle box body is provided with a bearing mounting chamber (1a) therein; the positioning node mounting base (112) is provided with an mounting cavity used to mount a positioning node; a longitudinal centerline of the axel box body is parallel with a longitudinal center plane of the positioning node mounting base (112); the longitudinal center plane of the positioning node mounting base (112) deviates toward an outer side relative to a longitudinal center plane of the axel box body. The structure leaves a large space for mounting a brake clamp, and facilitates mounting and changing of the brake clamp and a wheel set; the structure facilitates to mount a brake clamp having a relatively larger volume, and improves braking capability.
