LABEL FREE BIOSENSORS, GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA DETECTION, AND REAL-TIME AND END POINT DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC EFFECTS

摘要

Real-time and end point determination of antibiotic effects are disclosed herein. In one example, a surface of a label free biosensor is exposed to a sample including a gram-negative bacteria. A frequency and/or a current of the biosensor is then allowed to reach a constant value. The surface of the biosensor is then exposed to an antibiotic. Using the biosensor, i) a frequency change versus time and a damping resistance versus time, or ii) a current versus voltage or the current versus time at a fixed potential, or iii) both i and ii are then measured. The frequency change versus time and the damping resistance versus time and/or the current versus voltage or the current versus time are correlated to determine an effect of the antibiotic on the gram-negative bacteria. Examples of the label free biosensors and methods for detecting gram-negative bacteria using the label free biosensors are also disclosed.

主权项

1. A method for real-time determination of antibiotic effects, the method comprising:
exposing a surface of a label free biosensor to a sample including a gram-negative bacteria; then allowing a frequency or a current or both the frequency and the current of the biosensor to reach a constant value; then exposing the surface of the biosensor to an antibiotic; then measuring i) a frequency change versus time and a damping resistance versus time, or ii) a current versus voltage or the current versus time at a fixed potential, or iii) both i and ii using the biosensor; and correlating i) the frequency change versus time and the damping resistance versus time, or ii) the current versus voltage or the current versus time at the fixed potential, or iii) both i and ii to an effect of the antibiotic on the gram-negative bacteria.