摘要 |
<p>Ionic compounds with a freezing point of up to 100° C. are formed by the reaction of an one amine salt of formula (I) R<SUP>1</SUP>R<SUP>2</SUP>R<SUP>3</SUP>R<SUP>4</SUP>N<SUP>+</SUP>X<SUP>-</SUP>, such as choline chloride with an organic compound (II) capable of forming a hydrogen bond with X; such as urea, wherein the molar ration of I to II is from 1:1.5 to 1:2.5. R<SUP>1</SUP>, R<SUP>2</SUP>, R<SUP>3 </SUP>and R<SUP>4 </SUP>may be H, optionally substituted C<SUB>1 </SUB>to C<SUB>5 </SUB>alkyl, optionally substituted C<SUB>6 </SUB>to C<SUB>10 </SUB>cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C<SUB>6 </SUB>to C<SUB>12 </SUB>aryl, optionally substituted C<SUB>7 </SUB>to C<SUB>12 </SUB>alkaryl, or R<SUP>1 </SUP>and R<SUP>2 </SUP>taken together may represent a C<SUB>4 </SUB>to C<SUB>10 </SUB>optionally substituted alkylene group, thereby forming with the N atom of formula I a 5 to 11-membered heterocyclic ring and all of R<SUP>1</SUP>, R<SUP>2</SUP>, R<SUP>3 </SUP>and R<SUP>4 </SUP>are not identical, X<SUP>-</SUP> may be NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>, F, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, Br<SUP>-</SUP>, I<SUP>-</SUP>, BF<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>, ClO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>, CN<SUP>-</SUP>, SO<SUB>3</SUB>CF<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>, or COOCF<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>. The ionic compounds are useful as solvents, and electrolytes for example in electroplating, electrowinning, and electropolishing, and as catalysts.</p> |