| 摘要 |
In a spacer having concave/convex portions to prevent short-time charging in a flat type image forming apparatus in which an electron source substrate (12) and an anode substrate are arranged so as to face each other through the spacer (20), the charging upon long-time driving due to the concave/convex portions is suppressed. In the spacer in which the surface of an insulating substrate having a rough surface is coated with a high resistance film, the high resistance film has double layers of a low resistance region locating on the substrate side and a high resistance region locating on the front surface side, and a thickness (t) of high resistance film on the slant surface of each of the concave/convex portions and a thickness (s) of high resistance region are set to (t ‰¥ dp + » ‰¥ s) for the primary electron penetration length (dp) and the ionization electron diffusion length (»).
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