Cascaded fuel cell stacks for fast start-up and anode coking control

摘要

A solid-oxide fuel cell system (10) having a relatively large primary fuel cell sub-assembly (12) for steady-state operation and a relatively small secondary fuel cell sub-assembly (26) which is rapidly heatable to a threshold operating temperature to a) produce usable power in a short time period, b) cascade a hot exhaust (42) into the primary fuel cell sub-assembly (12) to assist in preheating thereof, and c) provide steam (41) into the primary fuel cell sub-assembly (12) to prevent coking of the anodes thereof. As the primary sub-assembly (12) reaches its threshold temperature, it too begins to generate electricity and continues to self-heat and to be heated by the secondary sub-assembly (26). Preferably, the secondary sub-assembly (26) continues to provide electricity in complement with the primary sub-assembly (12) until the primary sub-assembly (12) reaches full power, at which time the secondary sub-assembly (26) may be shut down or switched to standby status for fuel efficiency, as desired.