Method and apparatus for generating seismic pulses to map subterranean fractures

摘要

Methods for determining distribution, orientation and dimensions of networks of hydraulically-induced fractures within a subterranean formation containing fluids. Micro-seismic events are generated by particles introduced into the fractures which are capable of explosive or chemical reaction. In one method, treated proppant having a reactive coating is positioned in the formation during fracturing and reactive particles are introduced. In another method, reactive particles having a reactive core and a non-reactive coating are positioned in the fractures and react upon removal of the non-reactive coating, such as by dissolving, and reaction with a reactive particle. The waves generated by the micro-seismic events are used to map fracture space.

主权项

1. A method for mapping of fractures within a hydrocarbon bearing zone of a subterranean formation, the zone having a wellbore extending therethrough, the method comprising the steps of:
injecting a plurality of reactive particles, each having a reactive core and a non-reactive coating, into fractures in the zone of the formation; removing at least a portion of the non-reactive coating of the plurality of reactive particles by interaction with a plurality of removal particles; triggering a plurality of reactions of the reactive cores of the reactive particles; creating a plurality of micro-seismic events in response to the plurality of reactions detecting at least one of the micro-seismic events; and determining a distribution, dimension, or geometry of propped hydraulically-induced fractures and fracture networks from at least one of the micro-seismic events.