MACHINE FOR DIGGING INTO THE LOWER LAYERS OF THE GROUND

摘要

1. Machine for digging into the lower layers of the ground incorporating base frame (1), ground excavator (2), working organ (3) and device (4) of suspension of working organ (3) from base frame (1), said device (4) being made in the form of frames (7, 8) connected to each other by means of first hinged joint (9); the first of the frames (7) carries working organ (3) and the second one (8) is suspended from base frame (1) by means of a device incorporating second hinged joint (11) and by means of power drives (14, 15) for rotation in the above first (9) and second (11) hinged joints, the geometrical axis (17) of first hinged joint (9) in the nominal working position being normal to support surface (5) of drive section (6) of base frame (1), characterized in that the geometrical axis (18) of second hinged joint (11) in the nominal working position of the machine is parallel to longitudinal axis of drive section (6) of base frame (1). 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that geometrical axis (18) of second hinged joint (11) is located above the center of mass of that part of the machine which includes working organ (3) and has the capability of rotation about geometrical axis (17) of first hinged joint (9). 3. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that working organ (3) is made in the form of at least one chain portion (20, 21) mounted on first edge of first frame (7) with the capability of rotation about geometrical axis (22) of drive shaft by the action of power drive (23), second edge of first frame (7) facing base frame (1) and being connected to the edge of second frame (8). 4. Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the means of suspension of second frame (8) from base frame (1) is fitted with third frame (10) which is connected to frame (13) of base frame (1) by third hinged joint (12) whose geometrical axis (19) is normal to longitudinal axis and parallel to support surface (5) of drive section (6) of base frame (1) and by power drive (16) far rotation in third hinged joint (12), second frame (8) being made detachable in the form of front (25) and rear (26) semi-frames, which are attached to each other by flange joints (27) located in a plane which is normal to the geometrical axis (18) of second hinged joint (8), with formation of a closed gap which accommodates transverse beam (28) of third frame (10), said beam (28) being connected to semi-frames (25, 26) by means of the above second hinged joint (11). 5. Machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the drive of working organ (3) and ground excavator (2) is made as a power drive from power take-off shaft of base frame (1) in the form of cardan shaft (37) connected to the latter, gimbal drive (40), connected with input shaft (61) of a part of drive of working organ (3) and ground excavator (2), which gimbal drive is mounted an first frame (7), and intermediate shaft (38) with two bearing supports (39), connected by its ends to cardan shaft (37) and gimbal drive (40), second hinged joint (11) incorporating tubular axle (47) with co-axial cylindrical holes (48) into which cylindrical cases (49) of bearing supports (39) of intermediate shaft (38) are fitted. 6. Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that bearing supports (39) are made in the form of sleeves (52) mounted in their cases (49) on bearings (51), here the sleeves accommodate the ends of intermediate shaft (38), the ends of said intermediate shaft are positioned into said sleeves and are connected to them by splined or keyed joints (53), the said sleeves (52) being connected by flange joints (54) to cardan shaft (37) and gimbal drive (40), said sleeves (52) being fitted with elastic gaskets (55) located between their end faces (56) and the end faces of intermediate shaft (38). 7. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that intermediate shaft (38) is made as a torsion shaft. 8. Machine according to claim 1, or 2 or 3, characterized in that it is fitted with a system of automatic control made in the form of transducers (66, 67) of angle (.beta.) of rotation in second hinged joint (11) and angle of lateral inclination of base frame (1) relative to gravity axis, means (68) of control of rotation in first hinged joint (9) made in the form of transducer (78) of angle (.alpha.) and/or limit switches (79, 80), block of information processing and generation of control signals (69), whose first inputs are connected to the above transducers (66, 67) and to means of control (68), and the outputs of control signals are connected to means of control (72, 73, 74, 75) of power drives (14, 15) for performance of rotation in the first (9) and second (11) hinged joints, and panel of indication and control (70) whose inputs are connected to information outputs, and the outputs are connected to second inputs of the block of processing and generation of control signals (69). 9. Machine according to claim 3 or 8 characterized in that the system of automatic control is fitted with a transducer (71) of angle (.sigma.) of rotation of chain portion (20, 21) of working organ (3), connected with additional input of the block of information processing and generation of control signals (69), whose additional control signal outputs are connected to the means of control (76, 77) of power drive (23) of rotation of chain portion (20, 21).