| 摘要 |
An apparatus for the manufacture of halate, such as sodium chlorate, includes an electrolytic cell having a plurality of anodes and cathodes, clearance passageways between which have electrolyte, hypohalite and gaseous electrolysis product, principally hydrogen, moving upwardly between them, an enclosure covering the tops of at least four such passageways and narrowing down to a passageway extending upwardly from the top of the enclosure and a downward passage for circulation of electrolyte which includes an upper baffled portion and a lower unbaffled portion, the unbaffled part being alongside the electrodes and extending to the bottom of the cell, from which electrolyte is drawn upwardly past the electrodes. Natural circulation due to gravity flow and density differences between the liquid electrolyte and that entrained in gas or having gas entrained in it is normally sufficient so that stirring or pumping means are not required. The invention provides a means for converting higher current density cells to lower current density cells so as to be more energy efficient. In such conversions additional anode-cathode units are installed between those already in place and gases generated from them are collected with gases generated from an adjacent originally present anode-cathode unit and are moved upwardly with entrained liquid through previously existing passages while other circulating electrolyte is moved downwardly, also through previously existing passageways, baffled and unbaffled. Other aspects of the invention relate to particular types of spacers between electrodes and to more energy efficient lower current density electrochemical processes for manufacturing sodium chlorate. |
