| 摘要 |
A biocompatible, implantable electrode for electrically active medical devices. The implantable medical electrode has a surface geometry which optimizes the electrical performance of the electrode, while mitigating the undesirable effects associated with prior art porous surfaces. The electrode has an optimized surface topography for improved electrical performance. Such a electrode is suitable for devices which may be permanently implanted in the human body as stimulation electrodes, such as pacemakers, or as sensors of medical conditions. Such is achieved by the application of ultrafast high energy pulses to the surface of a solid, monolithic electrode material for the purpose of increasing the surface area and thereby decreasing its after-potential polarization. In addition, the electrode material comprises a biocompatible metal having a minimal or eliminated amount of metal oxides which are detrimental to electrode performance. |
| 主权项 |
1. An electrode comprising a solid, monolithic substrate having an outer peripheral surface; the outer peripheral surface having a topography defined by a plurality of discrete macro protrusions distributed about and extending outwardly from the outer peripheral surface, the macro protrusions having a width in the range of from about 0.15 μm to about 50 μm; a plurality of discrete micro protrusions distributed on and extending outwardly from the macro protrusions, the micro protrusions having a width ranging from about 0.15 μm to about 5 μm; and a plurality of discrete nano protrusions distributed on and extending outwardly from the micro protrusions, the nano protrusions having a width ranging from about 0.01 μm to about 1 μm. which substrate comprises a biocompatible metal comprising at least one of titanium, nickel, zirconium, chromium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, hafnium, iridium, cobalt, platinum, steel, or alloys or combinations thereof, or an alloy of titanium, aluminum and vanadium, an alloy of platinum and iridium, an alloy of nickel and cobalt, titanium, an alloy of titanium, tantalum; a nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum alloy or combinations thereof which metal substrate has a maximum of 20 atomic percent of oxygen content in the form of an oxide of the metal. |
