APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OPTICAL WAVES POLARIZED ORTHOGONALLY RELATIVE TO ONE ANOTHER FROM AN INCOMING OPTICAL WAVE

摘要

An apparatus for generating optical waves which are polarized orthogonally relative to each other from an incoming optical wave for enabling polarization-independent, optical superheterodyne reception has an integrated optical Mach-Zender interferometer which is preceded by an integrated optical directional coupler or by a waveguide fork and is followed by an integrated optical directional coupler.