| 摘要 |
<p>1457296 Thermonuclear fusion apparatus ULTRA CENTRIFUGE NEDERLAND NV 15 Feb 1974 [15 Feb 1973] 7018/74 Heading G6P [Also in Divisions B1-B2, F2, H1 and H5] Apparatus for carrying out controlled thermo - nuclear reactions comprises an elongated cooled vessel 56 having reaction gas inlet pipes 62, 63 and reaction gas outlet pipes 64, 65 communicating with a core region 14 extending along the axis of the vessel 56, ionizing means, e.g. an R.F. coil 8, to form an ionized gas column in the core region 14, further inlet 91 and outlet 31, 32 pipes for a gaseous mixture to form an envelope between the inner surface of the vessel 56 and the ionized gas column 14, windings 7 for maintaining an axial magnetic field within the vessel, and means for providing a radial electrical potential difference between the ionized gas column and the vessel wall, with the latter serving as cathode, whereby the gases in the vessel are caused to rotate by the crossed electric and magnetic fields. The rotation imparted in the core region 14 to the reaction gases, e.g. deuterium and tritium, which are extracted as helium at the opposite end of the vessel is also imparted by gas-collisions to the gases, e.g. a mixture of argon, neon, helium, tritium or deuterium with a heavy gas such as xenon or UF 6 , forming the envelope. Thus the rotating envelope gas provides a pressure barrier which assists in containing the ionized gas column. As shown the vessel 56 is an inverted U-shape at each end of which is provided a rotor 57 having an insulating surface which rotates at the same speed and in the same direction as the ionized gas column to prevent unwanted end effects. The electrical field is established between terminal 37 connected to the vessel 56 and an anode electrode 58 projecting through each rotor surface and connected through the rotor bearing to a further terminal 36. In addition to the heat energy from the helium extracted through scoops 64, 65, the envelope gases removed at 31 and 32 are passed through a heat exchanger 85 before being re-circulated through input 91. Due to the rotation imparted to the envelope gases the apparatus also functions to separate the components of the envelope gases into lighter and heavier components at the respective outputs 31, 32 (see also Divisions B1 B2 and H1). The cathode-forming inner wall of the vessel comprises flat ring lamellae 92 with sharp internal knife-edges 96 separated by coolant rings 95, such that the knifeedges 96 define an effective low-friction boundary 93 for the rotating gases with the inner cells 94 thus formed being the regions in which the speed of gaseous envelope is gradually reduced to zero.</p> |
