IONIC LIQUIDS AND THEIR USE

摘要

Ionic compounds having a freezing point of no more than 50 DEG C, formed by the reaction of at least one amine salt of the formula R<1>R<2>R<3>R<4>N<+>X<-> (I) with at least one hydrated salts, which is a chloride, nitrate, sulphate or acetate of Li, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Bi, La or Ce; wherein R<1>, R<2> and R<3> are each independently a C1 to C5 alkyl or a C6 to C10 cycloalkyl group, or wherein R<2> and R<3> taken together represent a C4 to C10 alkylene group, thereby forming with the N atom of formula (I) a 5 to 11 membered heterocyclic ring, and wherein R<4> is hydrogen, or phenyl, or C1 to C12 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, optionally substituted with at least one group selected from OH, Cl, Br, F, I, phenyl, NH2, CN, NO2, COOR<5>, CHO, COR<5> and OR<5>, wherein R<5> is a C1 to C10 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, and X<-> is an anion capable of being complexed by the said hydrated salt. The compounds are useful as solvents, electrolytes, and catalyts, and have particular application in solvents/electrolytes for metal plating and electropolishing processes, in particular in chromium plating.