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1. A method of treating inflammatory pain comprising administering to a mammalian subject in need thereof a pharmaceutically acceptable amount of a compound of Formula (I)
X2⊖⊕R1—H2C-L1-Q-L2-CH2—R2⊕⊖X1 (1) wherein X1⊖ and X2⊖ are each independently an organic or inorganic anion; wherein Q is selected from phenylene, biphenylene, —CH═CH—, —CH═CH—CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —C≡C—C≡C—, —O—(CH2)2—O—, and —O—(CH2)2—O—(CH2)2—O—; wherein L1 and L2 are each independently selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, substituted arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, substituted arylalkynyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic; SOY1, SO2Y1, SO2OY1 or SO2NHY1, where Y1 is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl, and where Y1 is not hydrogen in SOY1 and if Y1 is alkenyl or alkynyl, the site of unsaturation is not conjugated with a heteroatom; COY2, where Y2 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, substituted arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, substituted arylalkynyl, heterocyclic, or substituted heterocyclic, and where if Y2 comprises alkenyl or alkynyl, the site of unsaturation is not conjugated with the carbonyl group; OY3, where Y3 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, substituted arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, substituted arylalkynyl, acyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heterocyclic, or substituted heterocyclic, where if Y3 comprises alkenyl or alkynyl, the site of unsaturation is not conjugated with the oxygen; NY4Y5 where Y4 and Y5 are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, substituted arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, substituted arylalkynyl, acyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heterocyclic, or substituted heterocyclic, where if Y4 or Y5 comprises alkenyl or alkynyl, the site of unsaturation is not conjugated with the nitrogen; SY6, where Y6 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, substituted arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, substituted arylalkynyl, heterocyclic, or substituted heterocyclic, and where if Y6 comprises alkenyl or alkynyl, the site of unsaturation is not conjugated with the sulfur; wherein R1 and R2 are each independently five or six membered nitrogen containing rings as shown in formulas (IIA) and (IIB): wherein A1 is carbon, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, provided that when A1 is a carbon and joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond or is a nitrogen, R3 is absent, and when A1 is sulfur or oxygen or joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond and is a nitrogen, both R3 and R4 are absent; wherein A2 is carbon, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, provided that when A2 is a carbon and joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond or is a nitrogen, R5 is absent, and when A2 is sulfur or oxygen or joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond and is a nitrogen, both R5 and R6 are absent; wherein A3 is carbon, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, provided that when A3 is a carbon and joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond or is a nitrogen, R7 is absent, and when A3 is sulfur or oxygen or joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond and is a nitrogen, both R7 and R8 are absent; wherein A4 is carbon, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, provided that when A4 is a carbon and joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond or is a nitrogen, R9 is absent, and when A4 is sulfur or oxygen or joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond and is a nitrogen, both R9 and R10 are absent; wherein A5 is carbon, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, provided that when A5 is a carbon and joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond or is a nitrogen, R11 is absent, and when A5 is sulfur or oxygen or joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond and is a nitrogen, both R11 and R12 are absent; wherein A6 is carbon, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, provided that when A6 is a carbon and joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond or is a nitrogen, R14 is absent, and when A6 is sulfur or oxygen or joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond and is a nitrogen, both R14 and R15 are absent; wherein A7 is carbon, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, provided that when A7 is a carbon and joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond or is a nitrogen, R16 is absent, and when A7 is sulfur or oxygen or joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond and is a nitrogen, both R16 and R17 are absent; wherein A8 is carbon, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, provided that when A8 is a carbon and joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond or is a nitrogen, R18 is absent, and when A8 is sulfur or oxygen or joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond and is a nitrogen, both R18 and R19 are absent; wherein A9 is carbon, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, provided that when A9 is a carbon and joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond or is a nitrogen, R20 is absent, and when A9 is sulfur or oxygen or joins a ring atom with an unsaturated bond and is a nitrogen, both R20 and R21 are absent; wherein R13 or R22 is absent when any of the bonds to the ammonium nitrogen is unsaturated, and R13 or R22 is a straight chain or branched alkyl group of four carbons or fewer when all of the bonds to the ammonium nitrogen are saturated; wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12, or R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, and R21, when present, are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, substituted arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, substituted arylalkynyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, halo, cyano, nitro, or R4 and R5 together with A1 and A2, or R5 and R7 together with A2 and A3, or R15 and R16 together with A6 and A7, or R16 and R18 together with A7 and A8 independently form a three to eight member cyclolkane, substituted cycloalkane, cycloalkene, substituted cycloalkene, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle with one to three hetero atoms of nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur in the ring, or substituted heterocycle with one to three hetero atoms of nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur in the ring; and when all of the bonds to the ring ammonium nitrogen are saturated, then any of R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21 or R22 which is attached to the ammonium nitrogen is a straight or branched alkyl group of four carbons or fewer. |
