| 摘要 |
<p>#CMT# #/CMT# Preventing the formation of oil-in-water and/or water-in-oil emulsions and/or breaking up the emulsions already formed, comprising addition of microorganism capable of breaking down crude oil components or derivatives and producing at least one type of tenside, is new. #CMT# : #/CMT# Independent claims are also included for: (1) preventing the formation of oil-in-water and/or water-in-oil emulsions and/or breaking up the emulsions already formed comprising: (a) adding tensides, materials for increasing viscosity, industrial surfactants and microorganisms to the emulsion already formed or into the device containing the crude oil in which the formation of the emulsion to be prevented, optionally together with additives required for the reproduction of microorganisms; (b) allowing the microorganism to reproduce; (c) checking the results of the treatment; and (d) optionally repeating steps (a) - (c) at least one (preferably three) times; and (2) a kit for preventing the formation of oil-in-water and/or water-in-oil emulsions and/or breaking up the emulsions already formed comprising microorganism and instructions to carry out. #CMT#USE : #/CMT# The method is used for preventing the formation of oil-in-water and/or water-in-oil emulsions and/or for breaking up emulsions already formed in the oil producing wells, flow line and pipe lines (claimed). #CMT#ADVANTAGE : #/CMT# The microorganisms form bacterium-carrying film on the surfaces in contact with crude oil, therefore, prevent the formation of emulsions; improve the efficiency of oil production; and decrease costs. The specific combination of chemical and microbiological aspects improves demulsification. #CMT#BIOTECHNOLOGY : #/CMT# Preferred Method: The microorganism (10 6>- 10 1>2>, preferably 10 7>- 10 1>0>, especially 10 8>- 10 9>CFU (colony forming units/liter) and the additive are used at the same time, in the form of a suspension. The volume of the suspension of microorganism is 100 - 1000 (preferably 300 - 800, especially 500 - 600) liter/100 m pipe-length or 50 m 3>production. The volume of the industrial surfactants is 1 - 10 (preferably 1 - 5) liter/100 m pipe-length or 50 m 3>production. The result of the treatment is checked by confirming the presence of a film on the surface in contact with the crude oil for the living conditions of the microorganism and optionally repeating the steps (a) - (c) by changing the amount of the tenside or material capable of increasing viscosity or by varying the reproduction time of microorganism. The formation of emulsion is prevented in oil-producing pipes of oil wells and microorganisms are allowed to reproduce and act for 1 - 15 (preferably 6 - 8) days, while pipes are kept closed. The result of the treatment is also checked by pilot test, by confirming the phase separation, evaluating the physico-chemical properties (preferably decrease of viscosity of an oil sample) and/or evaluating the drop-size of the asphaltene-paraffin-wax precipitates in oil sample by microscopy which is removed from the surface by mechanical means. The emulsion already formed in surface producing facilities of oil wells, or highly stable middle phase formed in demulsification facilities of oil producing technologies are broken up using microorganism, which reproduce and act for 1 - 15 (preferably 5 - 8) days at 20 - 60 (preferably 40 - 50) [deg]C, while device is kept closed. The microorganism is obtained by: (a) applying a film containing the mineral oil component or derivative to a minimal medium lacking carbon source; (b) inoculating the medium with sample containing mixture of microorganism sample obtained from oil pollution and incubating the mixture after inoculation at least till detectable microorganism colonies are formed, step 2a) is repeated if the colonies are not formed; (c) decomposing activities of the microorganism from the colonies formed are tested at the surround of the colonies; and (d) tenside producing abilities of the decomposing microorganism obtained from the colonies are checked. The kit further comprises additives for the reproduction of microorganism and surfactant and/or material for increasing viscosity. #CMT#POLYMERS : #/CMT# Preferred Components: The surfactant is polyoxyethylene ethers and/or esters (preferably Tween 80). #CMT#ORGANIC CHEMISTRY : #/CMT# Preferred Components: The material capable of increasing viscosity is xanthan. #CMT#BIOLOGY : #/CMT# Preferred Components: The microorganism (preferably facultative anaerobic) is a strain belonging to the Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, or Pseudomonas (preferably strain selected from NCAIM (P) B 1304, NCAIM (P) B 1305, NCAIM (P) B 1306, NCAIM (P) B 1307, or NCAIM (P) B 1308 or genetically modified strain by insertion of a DNA fragment with known sequence as a marker). #CMT#EXAMPLE : #/CMT# A production oil-well (Battonya-Kelet-16) was deparaffinated by scraper technique. The deparaffination was performed every other week on Battonya-Kelet-16. During the treatment of the wells, additives (1000 - 1200 liter) (comprising glucose (50 - 300 liter), saccharose (150 - 1200 liter), peptone (10 - 100 liter), ammonium nitrate (20 - 400 liter) and sodium hypophosphate (30 - 500 liter) as nutrients, dimethyl sulfoxide (60 - 1000 liter) as polar organic solvent, Tween 80(10 - 100 liter) as surfactant and xanthan (20 - 400 liter) as material increasing viscosity) and a mixture of Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas (10 1>1>/liter colony forming units) were added to the production wells. On analysis, the oil having significantly reduced viscosity was obtained. The stability of the emulsions produced in the Battonya wells changed dramatically. After the treatment, the separation of the emulsion started on resting and the emulsion separated into clean water and oil phases.</p> |
