Process for splitting up a liquid mixture into its components or groups of components

摘要

In the separation of a liquid mixture into components or groups A and B by extracting with a solvent O which dissolves A more readily than B and washing the extract at uniform temperature with a liquid which wholly or substantially consists of A, the washing, and if desired also the extraction, is effected in countercurrent in a series of two or more mixers and settlers. If the component A is too viscous, for instance in the case of treating viscous mineral oils with liquid sulphur dioxide, furfural, nitrobenzene, or b -b -dichlorethyl ether or in treating liquids containing naphthenic or sulphonic acids obtained from mineral oils, a diluent may be added to reduce the viscosity, and if the difference in density between the layers is too little for efficiency, one or more of the settlers may be replaced by centrifuges. If great differences occur between the densities of components, as when separating monofrom di-brom benzenes, the solvent O should have a density above that of the denser or below p that of the less dense component. The process may be applied to the separation of the components of an aromatic-containing benzine with furfural; the removal of phenols from tar with alcohol; the separation of acetic acid from water by amyl acetate; the separation of glycol and glycol ethers by means of ether; isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl acetate and water by means of benzol; ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol by means of calcium chloride solution; glycol, glycerin, and water by means of chloroform; methyl and amyl alcohols by means of heptene; nitroglycerin and glycerin by means of water; sulphonic acids and petroleum oils by means of ether or amyl alcohol; glycol and glycol chlorhydrin by means of ether or alcohols of 13--18 carbon atoms; and water and chlorhydrin by means of ethylene chloride. In the apparatus shown, mixers 2a to 2h are connected with settlers 3a to 3h. Each mixer, Fig. 2 consists of a cylindrical casing 30 with two collar-shaped nozzles 31, 32, the first of which receives one of the liquids and the second acting as an outlet for the mixture. Within the casing and mounted on a hollow rotary shaft 35 to form a cage-shaped structure, are parallel pipes 36 having perforations preferably turned away from the direction of rotation. The hollow shaft receives the liquid mixture, which is ejected from the perforations in the pipes 36. Stationary rods 38 are arranged at distances apart, different from the distances between the tubes. In connection with a modified apparatus, a settling chamber is shown in Fig. 4. This consists of a casing 35 into which the mixture enters at 40. The liquid flows through a nest of tubes 38, the front ends of which are set in a plate 37 extending across the casing. The tubes may be of different length, the upper ones being longest so that liquid issuing from them does not mix with liquid issuing from the lower ones. Near the rear ends of the tubes a baffle plate 36 is arranged, which, when the tubes are of different length may be inclined or have a step-like form. The liquids flow from the baffle plate along the outside of the tubes to the exit 42.ALSO: In the separation of a liquid mixture into components or groups A and B by extracting with a solvent O which dissolves A more readily than B and washing the extract at uniform temperature with a liquid which wholly or substantially consists of A, the washing and if desired also the extraction, is effected in countercurrent in a series of two or more mixers and settlers. If the component A is too viscous, for instance in the case of treating viscous mineral oils with liquid sulphur dioxide, furfural, nitrobenzene, or b -b -dichlorethyl ether or in treating liquids containing naphthenic or sulphonic acids obtained from mineral oils, a diluent may be added to reduce the viscosity and if the difference in density between the layers is too little for efficiency, one or more of the settlers may be replaced by centrifuges. If great differences occur between the densities of components, as when separating monofrom di-brombenzenes, the solvent O should have a density above that of the denser or below that of the less dense component. The process may be applied to the separation of the components of an aromatic-containing benzine p with furfural; and of sulphonic acids and petroleum oils by means of ether or amyl alcohol. In the apparatus shown, mixers 2a to 2h are connected with settlers 3a to 3h. Each mixer, Fig. 2, consists of a cylindrical casing 30 with two collar-shaped nozzles 31, 32, the first of which receives one of the liquids and the second acting as an outlet for the mixture. Within the casing and mounted on a hollow rotary shaft 35 to form a cage-shaped structure, are parallel pipes 36 having perforations preferably turned away from the direction of rotation. The hollow shaft receives the liquid mixture, which is ejected from the perforations in the pipes 36. Stationary rods 38 are arranged at distances apart different from the distances between the tubes. In connection with a modified apparatus, a settling chamber is shown in Fig. 4. This consists of a casing 35 into which the mixture enters at 40. The liquid flows through a nest of tubes 38, the front ends of which are set in a plate 37 extending across the casing. The tubes may be of different length, the upper ones being longest so that liquid issuing from them does not mix with liquid issuing from the lower ones. Near the rear ends of the tubes a baffle plate 36 is arranged, which when the tubes are of different length may be inclined or have a step-like form. The liquids flow from the baffle plate along the outside of the tubes to the exit 42.