| 主权项 |
1. A gravoltaic cell comprising:
a. a reaction vessel; b. a first stationary homogeneous volume of dissociated aqueous reference cations having dissociated aqueous cations of a first chemical species and a second stationary homogeneous volume of dissociated aqueous reactant cations having dissociated aqueous cations of a second chemical species, said first and second distinct stationary homogeneous volumes of dissociated aqueous cations being disposed within said reaction vessel, and providing bulk solvent and anions a stationary bulk volume of a homogeneous mixture of solvent and dissociated anions collectively disposed homogeneously throughout said first and second volumes of dissociated aqueous cations; and c. an anode junction providing electrochemically active dissimilar anode-cation chemical species junction comprising an anode of said first chemical species having a first placement in contact with a gravity-sustained stationary homogeneous volume of dissociated aqueous reactant cations of said second chemical species having a first placement, and a cathode junction providing a gravity-sustained electrochemically passive similar cathode-cation chemical species junction comprising a cathode of said first chemical species having a second placement in contact with a gravity-sustained stationary homogeneous volume of dissociated aqueous reference cations of said first chemical species having a second placement;
wherein buoyancy separation is gravitationally sustained between two distinct stationary homogeneous volumes of dissociated aqueous cations differing chemically in chemical species and differing physically in buoyancy disposed within a homogeneous stationary bulk mixture of solvent and dissociated anions within said reaction vessel, a first distinct stationary homogeneous volume of dissociated aqueous cations having a greater relative buoyancy and a second distinct stationary homogeneous volume of dissociated aqueous cations having a lesser relative buoyancy, both of said two distinct stationary homogeneous volumes of dissociated aqueous cations being held separate and stationary by a difference in relative buoyancy;wherein said second placement of said stationary homogeneous volume of reference cation volume of said first chemical species occupying an upper compartment of said reaction vessel for positive buoyancy, and said second placement of said stationary homogeneous volume of reference cation volume of said first chemical species occupying a lower compartment of said reaction vessel for negative buoyancy, providing said two distinct stationary homogeneous volumes of dissociated aqueous cations differing chemically in chemical species and differing in relative buoyancy;wherein said upper compartment and said lower compartment are separated by a non-conductive ball valve; andwherein a negative buoyancy mode of said gravity-sustained electrochemically active dissimilar anode-cation chemical species junction comprising an electrically nonconductive reaction vessel, comprising said upper and lower compartments housing a homogeneous stationary less buoyant reference cation volumes of said first chemical species disposed in said lower compartment, and said upper compartment housing a homogeneous stationary more buoyant reactant cation volumes of said second chemical species disposed in said upper compartment;wherein a positive buoyancy mode of said gravity-sustained electrochemically active dissimilar anode-cation chemical species junction comprising an electrically nonconductive reaction vessel, comprising said lower compartment housing a homogeneous stationary less buoyant reactant cation volumes of said second chemical species, and said upper compartment housing a homogeneous stationary more buoyant reference cation volumes of said first chemical species; andwherein said upper compartment and said lower compartment are separated by a non-conductive valve;wherein an electrochemical disparity between individual cations within said homogeneous stationary reactant cation volume of said second chemical species, and individual atoms of said first chemical species on said surface of said anode volume of said first chemical species, said disparity producing elevated electrode reactions, elevated electrode potential, elevated cell voltage, elevated anode-cation junction current, elevated current flow through an external load resistance, and elevated electrical energy transferred to and dissipated by an external load resistance;wherein for said positive buoyancy, said more buoyant liberated cations of said first chemical species migrate upward through said reactant cation volume of said second chemical species and away from said anode of said first chemical species, said migration sustaining a chemical species disparity between said anode of said first chemical species and said reactant cation volume of said second chemical species in immediate contact with said surface of said anode of said first chemical species, said liberated cations of said first chemical species being more buoyant than said surrounding reactant cation volume of said second chemical species, said more buoyant liberated cations of said first chemical species migrating upward through said reactant cation volume of said second chemical species and away from said anode of said first chemical species;wherein for said negative buoyancy, said less buoyant liberated cations of said first chemical species migrate downward through said reactant cation volume of said second chemical species and away from said anode of said first chemical species, said migration sustaining a chemical species disparity between said anode of said first chemical species and said reactant cation volume of said second chemical species in immediate contact with said surface of said anode of said first chemical species, said liberated cations of said first chemical species being less buoyant than said surrounding reactant cation volume of said second chemical species, said less buoyant liberated cations of said first chemical species migrating downward through said reactant cation volume of said second chemical species and away from said anode of said first chemical species;wherein a larger chemical species disparity between said anode of said first chemical species and said reactant volume of said second chemical species causes atoms of said first chemical species on said surface of said anode of said first chemical species to oxidize and dissolve as liberated cations of said first chemical species into said reactant volume of said second chemical species in immediate contact with said anode of said first chemical species, liberating cations of said first chemical species tend to displace said reactant volume of said second chemical species away from said surface of said anode of said first chemical species, said larger chemical species disparity being reduced to nearly zero, gravity by way of positive or negative buoyancy forces tending to migrate said liberated cations of said first chemical species away from said anode of said first chemical species, thereby restoring said relatively large chemical species disparity between said surface of said anode of said first chemical species and said reactant volume of said second chemical species; andwherein said gravoltaic cell converts gravitational force into electrical energy. |
