PROCESS FOR THE REFINING OF CRUDE OIL

摘要

Process for the refining of crude oil comprising at least one atmospheric distillation unit for separating the various fractions, a sub-atmospheric distillation unit, a conversion unit of the heavy fractions obtained, a unit for enhancing the quality of some of the fractions obtained by actions on the chemical composition of their constituents and a unit for the removal of undesired components, characterized in that the sub-atmospheric distillation residue is sent to one of the conversion units, said conversion unit comprises at least one hydroconversion reactor in slurry phase, into which hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and ¾ S, is fed, in the presence of a suitable dispersed hydrogenation catalyst with dimensions ranging from 1 nanometer to 30 microns.

主权项

1. A process for the refining of crude oil comprising the following steps:
feeding the crude oil to one or more atmospheric distillation units in order to separate various streams; feeding the heavy residue(s) separated in the atmospheric distillation unit(s), to the sub-atmospheric distillation unit, separating at least two liquid streams; feeding the vacuum residue separated in the sub-atmospheric distillation unit to the conversion unit comprising at least one hydroconversion reactor in slurry phase into which hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and H2S is fed in the presence of a suitable dispersed hydrogenation catalyst with dimension ranging from 1 nanometer to 30 microns in order to obtain a product in vapour phase, which is subjected to one or more separation steps obtaining fractions in both vapour phase and liquid phase, and a by-product in slurry phase; feeding the lighter separated fraction obtained in the sub-atmospheric distillation unit to a hydrodesulfurization unit of light gasoils (HDS1); feeding the liquid fraction separated in the hydroconversion unit, having a boiling point higher than 350° C., to a hydrodesulfurization and/or hydrocracking unit of heavy gasoils (HDS/HDC); feeding the liquid fraction separated in the hydroconversion unit, having a boiling point ranging from 170 to 350° C., to a hydrodesulfurization unit of medium gasoils (HDS2); feeding the liquid fraction separated in the hydroconversion unit, having a boiling point ranging from the boiling point of the C5 products to 170° C., to a desulfurization unit of naphtha (HDS3); feeding the liquid stream separated in the atmospheric distillation unit, having a boiling point ranging from the boiling point of the C5 products to 170° C., to said desulfurization unit of naphtha (HDS3), characterized in that the hydroconversion unit comprises, in addition to one or more hydroconversion reactors in slurry phase, a separator, to which the slurry residue is sent, followed by a second separator, an atmospheric stripper and a separation unit.