Dispositif pour la réalisation de réactions exothermiques entre gaz au contact d'un catalyseur solide

摘要

In apparatus for effecting exothermic gaseous reactions using a solid catalyst, for example the synthesis of ammonia and organic compounds, the incoming gases flow through a heat exchanger A, through the catalytic and a lower plate 29 which together with the member 33 forms a hollow box wherein the tube 43 leading to the inlet pipe 9, and the outlet passage 49 are arranged in a manner to permit of free longitudinal expansion of the tubes 8. A heating element 38 is suspended from the top of the external casing B. The gases may pass through the inlet 9 and tube 43 to the heating element and thence through the catalyst 8a via the opening 11, or they may enter through the tube 6, pass round the exteriors of the catalyst tubes 8, through orifices 25, 26 in the concentric tubes 40, 41 to the heating element and thence through apparatus B in contact with the exteriors of catalyst containers 8, through the heating apparatus 10, then through the catalyst 8a and finally through the tubes 4 of the heat exchanger. A byepass conduit or a three-way cock D is provided whereby a part or all of the gases may be led directly from the heat exchanger to the heating apparatus, and a similar cock C allows the incoming gases to be led past the heat exchanger without traversing it. A combined catalytic and heating apparatus is shown in Fig. 3 wherein the ends of the catalyst tubes are secured in a plate 28 the catalyst as before, the relative proportions of the gases entering by tubes 6, 9 being controlled by external byepass means. The upper ends of the tubes 40, 47 are free to move longitudinally, the lower end of tube 40 being secured to the plate 29 and the lower end of tube 41 sliding on the shoulder 29a. A suitable heat exchanger is shown in Fig. 4 in which the tubes 4 are fixed in plates 50, 51, the upper plate 50 being secured on a ledge in the outer casing A and the lower plate 51 being free to move. The inlet pipes 55, 56 pass through orifices in which they are free to slide.