Separation of hydrocarbon families or of individual components by consecutive extractive distillations performed in a single column

摘要

A column for consecutive extractive distillations, in particular of crude hydrocarbon mixes comprising aromatic, naphthene and paraffin hydrocarbons. The invention also relates to methods for separating and recovering the components of a crude hydrocarbon mix comprising aromatic, naphthene and paraffin hydrocarbons by consecutive extractive distillations provided by means of the column for consecutive extractive distillations, to which the invention also relates.

主权项

1. A column for consecutive extractive distillations, in particular of a crude hydrocarbon mix comprising aromatic, naphthene and paraffin hydrocarbons, comprising a vertical elongated container provided with a head, a bottom and an internal partition that runs vertically from the bottom to the head of said container and divides its internal volume, forming a first longitudinal chamber and a second longitudinal chamber which are adjacent, inside said column, wherein each one of said chambers comprises at least four sections, of which a middle section, a solvent regeneration section arranged below said middle section, a section for separating an affine component which is arranged above said middle section and a section for the recovery of solvent entrained by a less affine fraction arranged above said section for separating an affine component, said middle section being divided into a main section for stripping components that are not affine with the solvent, which is arranged toward the inside of the column and a lateral rectification subsection for removing solvent from the affine components, arranged toward the outside of the column, by means of a vertical partition of the middle section arranged within the middle section, wherein said main section is open at the top and at the bottom and said subsection is open at the bottom and closed at the top so that said main section and said subsection are mutually connected only through an upper region of said solvent stripping or regeneration section, a flue plate being arranged under the middle section; said first chamber having an inlet for the crude hydrocarbon mix arranged between said middle section and said separation section of the first chamber and an inlet for solvents which is arranged between said separation or rectification section for non-aromatics and said solvent recovery section of the first chamber; said second chamber having an inlet for a hydrocarbon mix that comprises naphthene and paraffin hydrocarbons in a region between said middle section and said separation section of the second chamber and a second inlet for solvents which is arranged between said paraffin rectification or separation section and said solvent recovery section of the second chamber; and a channel for connection between the head space of the first chamber and said region between said middle section and said separation section of the second chamber for the inflow of head vapors of the chamber containing naphthene and paraffin hydrocarbons.