| 摘要 |
An apparatus for percutaneous epidural access for spinal procedures. A first percutaneous needle may have a first lumen and proximal and distal ends, wherein the distal end is for placement in an epidural space at a first location, the first location being at least one level removed from a target lamina. A second percutaneous needle may have a second lumen and proximal and distal ends, wherein the distal end is for placement in an epidural space at a second location, the second location being one level removed from a target lamina and opposite the first location. A light seeking tool may be coaxially movable within one of the first and second lumens. A grasper tool may be coaxially movable within the other one of the first and second lumens and may emit light, draw the light seeking tool, and/or temporarily couple within the epidural space of the target lamina. |
