| 摘要 |
Rubber porous to gases and vapours but impenetrable to a small head of aqueous liquid is made by forming from foamed aqueous emulsions or dispersions of rubber a cellular rubber having cells mainly of relatively small pore size, i.e. sufficiently large as to be visible to the naked eye but not greater than about 1 mm, the aqueous emulsions or dispersions of rubber containing in admixture the requisite quantity, usually about 25 per cent, of the materials specified below which make rubber water repellent. Alternatively if the aqueous emulsions or dispersions do not contain in admixture the requisite quantity of materials to make it water repellent, the cellular unvulcanized rubber is contacted, as by soaking, with the molten or otherwise liquified materials which make rubber water repellent. The materials which make rubber water repellent are solid water insoluble organic materials which have a high angle of contact with respect to water for example higher alcohols, fatty acids, esters, and paraffins such as ceresin wax, water insoluble solid salts of the higher fatty acids such as zinc and magnesium stearate, and chlorinated compounds such as chlorinated naphthalenes. The aqueous emulsions or dispersions of rubber may be natural or artificial, vulcanized or not e.g. cencentrates such as those obtained according to Specifications 219,635 and 290,313, [both in Class 70], In order that the cellular rubber may have pores of the desired size the frothing should be carried out until the final bubble size is not greater than about 1 mm. or mixings should be used which favour the formation of small bubbles, e.g. a latex mixing containing zinc oleate. Emulsions or dispersions which have been converted into a frothy condition according to Specifications 332,525, 332,526, [both in Class 70], and 411,202 may be used. Emulsions or dispersions which are or which can be rendered capable of gelling may be used: in order to avoid coalescence of the bubbles during gelling with production of too large pores the gelling should be sharp, e.g. by using mixes containing zinc oxide or zinc oleate and/or oil or by adding a small amount of sensitizing agent before frothing and the bulk of the sensitizing agent after frothing. The porous rubber produced according to the invention may be used to coat or impregnate fibrous material such as paper, felt or woven material and the treated material may be used in the production of water-proof garments, shoes, &c. The products produced according to the invention can be treated with materials for instance soap insolubilizing agents, such as aluminium salt solutions, to enhance their waterproof nature. |
