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1. A compound of formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, nitro, azido, hydroxyl, amino, hydrazino, aryl, substituted aryl, aroxyl, substituted aroxyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkyl(aryl)amino, alkanoylamino, alkylthio, alkylcarbonyl, aryl carbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, arylthiocarbonyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, aroxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, diarylaminocarbonyl, alkyl(aryl)aminocarbonyl, arylcarboxamido, or Q, wherein the alkyl or alkoxy groups are saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, unsubstituted or optionally substituted by F, Cl, Br, I, CN, OH, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, amide, thioamide, or Q, and the aryl group is optionally substituted by F, Cl, Br, I, CN, OH, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, amide, thioamide, or Q; or one or more of R1 in combination with R2, R2 in combination with R3, R3 in combination with R4, R4 in combination with R5, R6 in combination with R7, and R8 in combination with R9, form a 5- to 10-member ring that is saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or optionally substituted with one or more of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aroxyl, hydroxyl, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, (thio)carbonyl, (thio)carboxylic acid, (thio)carboxylic acid ester, nitro, amino, (thio)amide, azido, hydrazino, or (thio)phosphonate, wherein the alkyl or alkoxy groups are saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, and the aryl group is optionally substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, CN, OH, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, nitro, azido, hydrazino, carboxyl, thiocarboxyl, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, carboxylic acid ester, thiocarboxylic acid ester, unsubstituted or substituted amino, amide, thioamide, or Q; Q is selected from a carboxyl group (CO2−), a carbonate ester (COER12), a sulfonate ester (SO2ER12), a sulfoxide (SOR12), a sulfone (SO2CR12R13R14), a sulfonamide (SO2NR12R13), a phosphate (PO4=), a phosphate monoester (PO3−ER12), a phosphate diester (PO2ER12ER13), a phosphonate (PO3=) a phosphonate monoester (PO2−ER12) a phosphonate diester (POER12ER13), a thiophosphate (PSO3=), a thiophosphate monoester (PSO2−ER12) a thiophosphate diester (PSOER12ER13), a thiophosphonate (PSO2=), a thiophosphonate monoester (PSO−ER12) a thiophosphonate diester (PSER12ER13), a phosphonamide (PONR12R13NR15R16), its thioanalogue (PSNR12R13NR15R16), a phosphoramide (PONR12R13NR15R16), its thioanalogue (PSNR12R13NR14NR15R16), a phosphoramidite (PO2R15NR12R13) or its thioanalogue (POSR15NR12R13), wherein E is independently O or S; R10 and R11 are each independently selected from H, a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, unsubstituted or further substituted alkyl group, aryl group, alkylcarbonyl, aryl carbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, arylthiocarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aroxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, diarylaminocarbonyl, alkyl(aryl)aminocarbonyl, arylcarboxamido, or Q, the alkyl or alkoxy portions of which are, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, amide, thioamide, or Q, or the aryl portions of which are optionally substituted by F, Cl, Br, I, CN, OH, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, amide, thioamide, or Q; or at least one of R7 in combination with R10 , or R9 in combination with R11 forms a 5- to 10-member saturated or unsaturated ring optionally further substituted with one or more saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, aroxyl, hydroxyl, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, (thio)carbonyl, (thio)carboxylic acid, (thio)carboxylic acid ester, nitro, amino, (thio)amide, azido, hydrazino, or (thio)phosphonate; wherein the aryl group is optionally substituted with one or more of F, Cl, Br, I, CN, OH, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, nitro, azido, hydrazino, carboxyl, thiocarboxyl, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, carboxylic acid ester, thiocarboxylic acid ester, unsubstituted or substituted amino, amide, thioamide, or Q; and wherein R12, R13, R14, R15 and R16 are independently selected from hydrogen, a halogen, an amino group, a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; or R12 in combination with R13, R14 in combination with R16, R12 in combination with R14, R12 in combination with R15, R13 in combination with R16, and R14 in combination with R15, one or more of which, form a 5- to 10-member ring. |
