| 摘要 |
Water-soluble surface-active resinous products are made by heating a phenol substituted by a hydrocarbon radical of at least four carbon atoms with formaldehyde in the proportion of 0.5 to 1 p mol. of formaldehyde to one mol. of phenol to form a condensate, heating the said condensate with one or more mols. of an alkylene oxide, heating the product with a polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride or halide thereof to effect partial esterification of the acid, and neutralizing the product. Hydrocarbon radicals specified are n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, amyl, tertamyl, n-octyl, diisobutyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, cyclohexyl, methycyclohexyl, butylcyclohexyl, dicyclohexyl. Aryl substituted phenols, such as p-phenyl, p-tolyl and p-naphthyl-phenol, may be employed, as also mixtures of phenols, e.g. of p-tert-amyl-and p-diisobutyl-phenols. The formaldehyde may be used as a solution, as paraformaldehyde, or as a formal or hexmethylene tetramine, and may be heated with the phenol in the presence of solvents and/or acid catalysts. Alkylene oxides specified are ethylene, propylene and butylene oxides, and these may be used with an alkali metal hydroxide as catalyst. One to six mols. of alkylene oxide are preferred, but twenty mols. are mentioned. Polycarboxylic acids specified are: succinic, glutaric, adipic, phthalic, tricarballylic, hexahydrophthalic, citric, tartaric, maleic. The partial esters may be neutralized with the hydroxides, oxides, carbonates or bicarbonates of alkali, alkaline earth, or heavy metals. In an example, p-(a ,a ,g ,a -tetramethylbutyl) phenol is reacted with formaldehyde, the condensate is reacted with ethylene oxide, and the product so obtained is reacted with succinic or phthalic anhydride. The products are used in the laundering of cotton fabrics, the scouring of wool, sized, dyed and printed fabrics, the preparation of dispersions, the treatment of leather, dispersing of pigments and in dyeing. Specifications 494,769, 594,475, 594,476, 594,477 and 594,479 are referred to.
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