| 摘要 |
Nuclearly substituted phenols are made by reacting a halide, in which the halogen is aliphatically bound, with a polyhydric phenol in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride and a lower aliphatic alcohol containing less than six carbon atoms. Of particular advantage is the introduction of two substituent groups into hydroquinone or catechol or monosubstituted derivatives thereof such as the chlorohydroquinones, toluhydroquinones and phenylcatechols, but other dihydric phenols such as resorcinol, naphthohydroquinones, phenylhydroquinones and the trihydric phenols may be used. Aliphatically bound halogen compounds which may be used include the straight and branched chain primary, secondary and tertiary halides and the aralkyl halides. In examples: (1) 2,5-bis-(dichlorophenylethyl)-hydroquinone is made by refluxing hydroquinone and a chloroethyl-dichlorobenzene with zinc chloride and alcohol; (2) 2,5-di-tert.-butylhydroquinone is similarly obtained from hydroquinone and tertiary butyl chloride; (3) 2,4-di-tert.-butylcatechol is made from catechol and tertiary butyl chloride; (4) 2,4-di-tert.-amylhydroquinone is obtained from hydroquinone and tertiary amyl chloride; (5) 2,5-diphenylethylhydroquinone is obtained from hydroquinone and beta-phenylethyl chloride; (6) 2,5-di-tert.-butyl-3-chlorohydroquinone is obtained from chlorohydroquinone and tertiary butyl chloride; (7) 2,5-dibenzylhydroquinone is obtained from hydroquinone and benzyl chloride; (8) a benzylhydroquinone is obtained from hydroquinone and benzyl chloride in the presence of zinc chloride and methyl alcohol; (9) 2,5-dibenzylhydroquinone is obtained from hydroquinone and benzyl chloride in presence of zinc chloride and absolute alcohol; (10) dibenzylhydroquinone is similarly obtained using iso-propyl alcohol as solvent; and (11) a semi-solid product is obtained by refluxing hydroquinone and ethylene chlorohydrin in presence of zinc chloride and absolute alcohol.
|
