| 摘要 |
The present invention relates to a process for preparing fuel-in-water emulsions from oil refining residues, in both continuously or in batches, by adding an emulsifying agent to disperse the residual oil in water and facilitate its transportation. This process does not require the use of chemical substances like stabilizers or diluents for its preparation. The vacuum residue is not limited to specific characteristics and the water used, can be distilled, tap water or saltwater (seawater). The process requires low concentration of a non-ionic surfactant; and the emulsions obtained have proportions from 70 to 90% by weight of refining residues, 10 to 30% by weight of water and from 0.1 to 1% by weight of surfactant.;The fuel-in-water emulsion is produced from oil refining residues, such as residues of atmospheric and vacuum distillation, heavy fuel oils and similar, and it is formed from 70 to 90% by weight of refining residues, 10 to 30% by weight of water and from 0.1 to 1% by weight of non-ionic surfactant. This fuel is efficient to its burned, because the fuel oil droplets have the best size to be completely burned into the flame, which has a favorable effect to reduce the unburned particle emissions. In addition, the emulsified fuel remains stable for an enough period for its storage and subsequent injection to the combustion equipment. |
| 主权项 |
1. A process for preparing fuel-in-water emulsions from oil refining residues characterized by comprising two types of processes: continuous and batch; the continuous process comprises the following steps:
I) Conditioning of the vacuum residue. Conditioning through a heat exchanger (2), the temperature of the vacuum residue coming from a container (1), which may be the vacuum distillation tower or another vessel with residual oils, whose temperature is approximately 480° C. if coming directly from the vacuum distillation tower. The vacuum residue passed through a pipe represented by line (8), from the container (1) to the heat exchanger (2), where its temperature is adjusted to approximately 110° C. The vacuum residue conditioned passes through a pipe represented by line (9), from the heat exchanger (2) to a recipient of temporary storage (3), in which it is kept at a temperature about 110° C.; II) Preliminary mixed. The vacuum residue is mixed with water and non-ionic surfactant in a static mixer (4), the vacuum residue comes from the temporary storage container (3) and goes to the static mixer (4) through a pipe represented by the line (10), at a temperature between 70 and 110° C. depending on the viscosity of the vacuum residue; since the viscosity of the vacuum residue depends of both the characteristics of the crude oil from which it is originated and the severity of the refining process. The vacuum residue conditioning and the handling temperature of the vacuum residue during the process provide the characteristic that the vacuum residue can be of any type and it is not limited to certain specifications; at the same time, not diluents are required to handle because it remains fluid. Meanwhile, the surfactant-water mixture previously homogenized and stored in a container (5), where the temperature is kept between 55 and 60° C., is dosed to the static mixer (4) at a temperature between 55 and 60° C., through a pipe represented by line (11); III. Emulsion formation. The preliminary mixture that leaves the static mixer (4) is fed through a pipe represented by line (12) to the dynamic mixer (6), at a temperature between 60 and 80° C., where the emulsion is formed. Then the emulsion passes through a pipe represented by line (13), to a container (7) for emulsion storage. The shear stress imposes to the vacuum residue and its interaction with the water and the surfactant when passages though the interior of the dynamic mixer, together with the temperature and characteristics of the surfactant used, produces an emulsion with particle size that does not significantly change with respect to time, namely it remains stable. Because of that, it does not require additional stabilizers for its preservation. Additionally, the type of surfactant and temperature conditions used during the preparation procedure confer to the process the characteristic to use distilled water, tap water or saltwater (seawater) and low concentration of surfactant. With this process, the emulsified fuel is prepared in a continuous way, and have proportions from 70 to 90% by weight of refining residues, 10 to 30% by weight of water and from 0.1 to 1% by weight of surfactant. |
