| 摘要 |
A nano particle/polyamide composite material, a preparation method, and a use thereof are disclosed. The nano particle/polyamide composite material includes 0.01-99 parts by weight of inorganic nano particles and 1-99.99 parts by weight of a polyamide matrix. The preparation method for the nano particle/polyamide composite material includes hydrolysis polymerization or anionic polymerization. The inventive nano particle/polyamide composite material has the particular functions of nano materials, while having the advantages of the polymer matrix including good mechanical performance for easy processing and molding. The nano particle is well dispersed in the polyamide matrix, is physically stable, and has a strong interaction at an interface between the nano particles and the polymer matrix, thus being useful as a structural material, a functional material, and a polymer masterbatch. The low cost of raw materials used in the environment friendly synthesis method, and the simple production apparatus are well suited for large-scale industrial production. |
| 主权项 |
1. A preparation method for a nano particle/polyamide composite material, characterized in that:
a lactam is reacted, where the lactam is caprolactam or α-pyrrolidone, and where the preparation method for a nano particle/polyamide composite material comprises anionic polymerization; wherein the preparation for the nano particle/polyamide composite material by the anionic polymerization comprises the following steps: a mixture of nano particles and the lactam is added to the reactor, where the nano particles is 0.01-99 parts by weight; and the lactam is 100 parts by weight; evacuation is performed for 0.1-20 h at the temperature of 80-200° C.; 0.01-10 parts by weight of catalyst is added to the reactor; water removal by evacuation is performed for 0.1-10 h at the temperature of 100-180° C. to form a resultant product; and the nano particle/polyamide composite material is obtained by polymerization according to one of the following two methods: (1) the resultant product is cooled down to 80-180° C., 0.01-10 parts by weight of activator is added, uniform mixing is performed, the mixture is transferred into a preheated mould, the temperature is constantly maintained for 0.1-12 h at the temperature of 120-200° C.; or: (2) the resultant product is cooled down to 80-160° C., 0.01-10 parts by weight of activator is added, uniform mixing is performed, and the mixture is transferred into a double-screw extruder for reaction and extrusion; wherein synthesis of the mixture of nano particles and the lactam by the precipitation comprises the following steps: 0.01-100 parts by weight of precursor and 100 parts by weight of the lactam are added to the reactor, which are stirred for 0.1-2 h at the temperature of 80-150° C. so that the precursor is fully dissolved or dispersed in a molten lactam solvent; 0.05-50 parts by weight of a precipitator is added to the reactor under stirring to complete the precipitation reaction for 0.1-200 h at the temperature of 80-250° C.; and thus the mixture of nano particles and the lactam is obtained; the precursor is selected from soluble inorganic salts formed by metal cation and halogen, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfite or carbonate anion; or the precursor is selected from the organic compounds containing metals or metalloids; the activator is a substance capable of lowering the anionic polymerization temperature of the lactam, and is selected from the group consisting of: acyl chloride, maleic anhydride, isocyanate, N-acylcaprolactam, carbonic ester and carboxylic ester; and the precipitator is selected from the group consisting of: alkaline metal, alkaline metal hydroxide, alkaline metal organic salt, ammonia and compounds capable of hydrogen release by pyrolysis, soluble inorganic salt formed by metal element and halogen element, soluble inorganic salt formed by metal element and chalcogenide, soluble inorganic salt formed by metal element and carbonate radical, and soluble inorganic salt formed by metal element and sulfate radical. |
