Catalysts Useful for Biomass Pyrolysis and Bio-Oil Upgrading

摘要

Catalysts useful in transforming biomass to bio-oil are disclosed, as are methods for making such catalysts, and methods of transforming biomass to bio-oil. The catalysts are especially useful for, but are not limited to, microwave- and induction-heating based pyrolysis of biomass, solid waste, and other carbon containing materials into bio-oil. The catalysts can also be used for upgrading the bio-oil to enhance fuel quality.

主权项

1. A method of making a catalyst/support composition; said method comprising the steps of:
(a) cleaning the surface of one or more metallic substrate particles, wherein each metallic substrate particle has a longest dimension between about 100 pm and about 5 mm; (b) oxidizing or nitriding the surfaces of the metallic substrate particles, to covalently attach oxide or nitride groups to the surfaces of the metallic substrate particles; (c) covalently bonding one or more linker groups to the oxide, to the nitride, or to the metal surface; (d) covalently bonding one or more seed layers to the one or more linker groups, wherein the one or more seed layers comprise ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, copper, rhenium, mercury, aluminum oxide, nickel(II) oxide, or nickel(II) oxide; (e) covalently bonding a catalyst layer to the one or more seed layers, wherein the catalyst comprises a metal, a metal oxide, a doped metal, or a zeolite;wherein:
the resulting catalyst/support composition is adapted to directly absorb electromagnetic energy from microwave irradiation, or electromagnetic induction, or both; and thereby to be rapidly heated to a temperature between about 250° C. and about 1000° C.