| 摘要 |
Thermoplastic, saturated, rubbery interpolymers are prepared by polymerizing a mixture comprising 80 to 95 per cent by weight of an alkyl acrylate, 2 to 20 per cent of a neutral, polymerizable haloalkyl vinyl compound having its vinyl group separated from the haloalkyl group by an oxygen-containing structure, and 0.1 to 5 per cent of a divinyl aryl hydrocarbon. Preferred alkyl acrylates are those containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and mixtures of these with one or more higher acrylates, e.g. of 8 to 14 carbon atoms, may also be used. The haloalkyl vinyl compounds are composed exclusively of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and halogen atoms and include the haloalkyl vinyl esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, the haloalkyl esters of acrylic acid and the haloalkyl vinyl ethers and ketones. Examples are vinyl chloroacetate, chloropropionate, chlorobutyrate and bromoacetate; 2-chloro- and 2-bromo-ethyl acrylate, 1,2-dichloroethyl acrylate, 3-chloropropyl acrylate, 2 - bromo - 3 - chloro - 1 - propyl acrylate, monochloroisopropyl acrylate, 4-chlorobutyl acrylate, etc.; chloromethyl-, 2-chloroethyl-, 1-bromo-1-chloroethyl-, 3-chloro-propyl-, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl- &c. vinyl ethers; 2-chloroethyl vinyl ketone, 1,2-dibromoethyl vinyl ketone, 3-chloropropyl vinyl ketone, 4-chlorobutyl vinyl ketone, &c. These compounds produce interpolymers containing side-chain halogen substitution which enables the production of strong, rubber-like cured products. The divinyl aryl hydrocarbons include p-divinyl benzene, 1,3-divinyl benzene, 1,4-divinyl-2-methyl benzene, and 1,4-, 1,5- and 1,8-divinyl naphthalenes. Polymerization may be effected in bulk or in solution using heat or actinic light with or without peroxy catalysts, but preferably in aqueous emulsion. Emulsifying agents used include fatty acid soaps, high molal sulphates, aryl and alkaryl sulphonates and the salts of high molecular weight bases such as diethylaminoethyloleylamide hydrochloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulphate and lauryl amine hydrochloride. Specified catalysts are benzoyl and hydrogen peroxides, potassium, sodium and ammonium persulphates, cumene hydroperoxide and diazoamino benzene. Mercaptan modifiers may also be employed. Temperatures of from -20 DEG to 100 DEG C. are possible. A buffer such as sodium pyrophosphate may be present in the emulsion from which the interpolymer may be obtained by coagulation with calcium chloride solution. The products may be cured with conventional agents. |
